【正确答案】正确答案：According to Austin"s Speech Act Theory, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking: locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act.(2 points)Locutionary act is the performance of an utterance, which refers to the surface meaning of an utterance, comprising phonetics, phatic and rhetic acts corresponding to the verbal, syntactic and semantic aspects of any meaningful utterance.(2 points)Illocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker"s intention. It is the act performed by saying something. When we speak we not only produce some units of language with certain meanings, but also make clear our purpose in producing them, the way we intend them to be understood.(2 points)Perlocutionary act mainly refers to the effect of an utterance. In this sense, saying something can mean to do something, concerning the consequential effects of a locution upon the hearer. Besides, by telling somebody something, the speaker may change the opinion of the hearer on something, or mislead him, or surprise him, or induce him to do something, etc. Whether or not these effects are intended by the speaker, they can be regarded as part of the act that the speaker has performed.(2 points)For example, if someone utters "It is cold in the room!" , the locutionary act is the literal meaning, and the illocutionary act can be the expression of dissatisfaction that the speaker does not feel well under this circumstance, and the perlocutionary act might be that the speaker wants to leave the room or turn on the heating system.(2 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查言语行为理论。英国哲学家奥斯汀提出的言语行为理论认为人们在以言行事。即说任何一句话时，人们要同时完成三种行为：发话行为、行事行为和取效行为。发话行为指说话时需运用发音器官，发出被赋予了一定意义的声音。行事行为指在实施发话行为时，人们同时也在实施另一种行为，可能是提出或回答问题，提供信息、保证或警告，宣告裁定或意图，公布判决或任命，提出申诉或批评等具体类型。取效行为指所说的话对听话人产生的效果。通过告诉听话人某事，说话人可以改变听话人对某件事的观点，或诱使听话人做某事等，不管这些效果是否符合说话人的本意，它们都可以看作说话人行为的一部分。