【正确答案】正确答案：Conversational implicature is proposed by H. P. Grice. He coined the term implicature for communicated non-truth-conditional meaning; a conventional implicature is non-truth-conditional meaning associated with a particular linguistic expression; a conversational implicature is not intrinsically associated with any expression; it is inferred from the use of some utterance in context.(3 points)It has four characteristics; cancellability, non-detachability, calculability and non-conventionality.(2 points) Cancellability is also known as defeasibility. It is known that the presence of a conversational implicature relies on a number of factors: the conventional meaning of words used, the CP, the linguistic and situational contexts, etc. So if any of them changes, the implicature will also change.(4 points) For example; a. John has three cows. b. John has only three cows. c. John has three cows, if not more. d. John has at least three cows. In these sentences, a usually implicates b. But if the speaker adds "if not more" to a, to change it to c, then the previous implicature b is cancelled or defeated. And c means d.(3 points) A conversational implicature may even be cancelled simply by the situational context. If to have three cows is a condition for anyone to get a subsidy from the government, then when the inspector asks John"s neighbour, he could very well answer f, without implicating b. e. Has John really got the requisite number of cows? f. Oh, sure, he"s got three cows all right.(3 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查会话含义的特征之一：可取消性。会话含义(conversational implicature)是美国哲学家格赖斯首先提出的，它是语用学的核心内容，在言语交际中起着非常重要的作用。会话含义具有以下特征：可取消性(cancellability)，不可分离性(non一detachability)，可推导性(calculability)和非规约性(non—conventionality)。可取消性也被称为可废除性。根据格赖斯的会话含义理论，会话含义的存在依赖于一些因素：所用词的规约意义、合作原则、语言和情景语境等。所以如果其中一个因素变了，含义也会发生相应的变化。会话含义也可以只通过情景语境的改变来消除。