In the old days parents followed a simple rule: spare the rod and spoil the child. These days less violent forms of discipline are favoured. Supernanny, a television toddler-tamer, recommends the "naughty step" , to which ill-behaved naughty children are temporarily banished. Yet even this is too harsh, some psychologists say. But advocates of "positive discipline" say "naughty step" does nothing to encourage one to solve problems(and thus build character). Some even suggest it may be psychologically damaging. Positive discipline, which is becoming a fad in America, aims to teach children self-control and empathy. Rather than screaming at them to pick up the toys they have thrown on the floor, parents or teachers ask them to suggest their own way of tackling the problem. Adults are encouraged to think harder about the causes of bad behaviour. Families meet regularly to discuss all of the above. The Ravenswood School in Chicago has embraced positive discipline. When children quarrel, they are allowed to pick an option from a "wheel of choice" poster. These include "share and take turns" , "balloon breath" and a spell in the "calm-down corner". In one classroom this has a tiny chair, some fairy lights and an inviting box of picture books. Positive discipline is not new; Jane Nelson, a family consultant and child-care guru , first published a book with that title in 1981. No reliable statistics show how many parents or schools use it, but the Positive Discipline Association, a non-profit that ran 18 training workshops in 2005, found itself running 51 in 2010. Doubters fear that positive really means permissive. Not so, says Maria Vannucci of the Adler School of Professional Psychology in Chicago. The goal is to connect with a child, rather than simply barking " Shut up!" or " Go to your room!" For example, a child who is getting underfoot in the kitchen may need to feel involved and be given something to do, such as rolling pastry or folding napkins. One who has given up on his homework may need to have the task broken down. A toddler who hits another may not know why he is angry; he may be removed or told: " Use your gentle hands. " Bribes are out: positive disciplinarians fear they may prevent a child from developing pride in a job well done.
单选题 According to Paragraph 1, which one of the following is true?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】解析：选项[A]是无中生有。选项[B]定位到第一段第二句：These days less violent formsof discipline are favoured．(如今更加温和的教育方式备受青睐。)该项意为：过去父母选择更加暴力的方式教育子女。可见该项是原文的同义表述，或者“正话反说”，该项正确。选项[C]对应第三句：Supernanny，a television toddler-tamer，recommends the“naughty step”…该项说的却是advises“naughty step”and“positive discipline”，可见该项是错误的。选项[D]对应最后一句：Some even suggest it may be psychologically damaging．文章只提到psychologically damaging(对心理造成损害)，该项说的却是both physically and mentally damaging(对身心都造成损害)，可见该项也是错误的。
单选题 Which one of the behaviors may be "positive discipline"?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】解析：根据positive discipline和出题顺序定位到第二段，该段第二句提到：Rather thanscreaming at them to pick up the toys they have thrown on the floor，parents or teachers ask them tosuggest their own way of tackling the problem．根据该句表述我们可以得知选项[C]是正确的。其余几项中，scream at，scold，punish等词都体现不出“positive discipline积极的教育方式”，故其余几项均是错误的。
单选题 The underlined word "guru"(Para 4, Line 1)most probably means______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】解析：词义题可以通过上下文背景来推断，该词所在背景句为：family consultant andchild—care guru．由于and前后的信息是平行、并列的，因此and前后两个词经常是同义词、近义词或者有相关关系的词，故可以判断guru与之前的“consultant顾问”是接近的。我们再看四个选项中是否出现与“consultant顾问”相近的词。四个选项分别是[A]专家；[B]教师；[C]医生；[D]作家。与“顾问”最接近的是“专家”，故该题答案为选项[A]expert。
单选题 Maria Vannucci suggests that______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】解析：根据Marla Vannucci定位到最后一段第二句和第三句：Not so，says Marla Vannucciof the Adler School of Professional Psychology in Chicago．The goal is to connect with a child，ratherthan simply barking“Shut up!”or“Go to your room!”其中提到The goal is to connect with achild，该表达相当于[D]项的the aim of positive discipline is to communicate with a child，故该题的答案为[D]。其中the goal等同于the aim，to connect等同于to communicate，属于同义句转换。
单选题 What"s the author"s attitude towards "positive discipline"?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】解析：全文各段都出现了positive discipline一词，可见这个词是文章的中心词，也是文章讨论的主题，作者并没有在文章中明确表达自己的态度，然而最后一段的前两句为：Doubtersfear that positive really means permissive．Not so，says Marla Vannucci of the Adler School of Pro-fessional Psychology in Chicago．可见作者只是客观地描述不同人对positive discipline的看法，因此作者的态度是“objective客观的”。该题要注意避免误选[A]或[D]，因为这两个词在最后一段出现过，原文是：Doubters fear that positive really means permissive．这一句提到了positivediscipline的doubter(质疑者)，也提到了permissive一词，但是这些都是他人的观点，作者只是客观描述，与作者本身观点态度无关，因此这两个选项是错误的。故该题答案为选项[C]。