单选题 The usefulness of lie detectors cannot be overestimated. Although there is no employee screening procedure that is 100 percent accurate, the lie detector is a valuable tool for employers and employees alike. The lie detector's usefulness is amply demonstrated in a recent survey conducted by a prestigious university. In the survey, those employees of a large company who were applying for a newly created position within the company were asked if they had ever worked on Project X. More than one-third of the applicants studied lied and said they had worked on the project—a project that never existed.
Which one of the following best identifies a flaw in the author's argument about the usefulness of lie detectors?

A、 The argument depends on the assumption that whatever is good for the employer is good for the employee.
B、 Since lie detectors are known to be less than 100 percent accurate, the test will tend to help only those with something to hide.
C、 By referring to a prestigious university, the author is appealing to authority—rather than to evidence.
D、 The study shows only that certain individuals will lie, not that the lie detector can detect them.
E、 (E) The author fails to address the issue that the use of lie detectors may fail to prevent embezzlement.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 本题的论述所犯的一个较大的错误是论据与论点无相关性，即论据不能支持论点。本题的论点是测谎仪非常地有用，论据是在一调查报告中有1/3的接受调查的人撒了谎。但是本题中并没有指出是测谎仪发现这1/3的人在撒谎，而另外2/3的人都讲了实话，因此调查报告只说明了有些人会撒谎，而没有证实测谎仪探测到了他们在撒谎，所以(D)是正确选项。如果测谎仪有用，那么对每个人来说都是有用的，所以论述中认为测谎仪对雇主和雇员都有益的说法是正确的，即(A)不是论述中的错误；既便测谎仪的准确率达不到100%，它仍有很大的可能性发现那些有东西隐瞒的人在撒谎，所以测谎仪对他们来说有害无益，因此(B)也不能对本题的论点构成反对；本题虽然提及了一名牌大学，但从题义中并没发现有任何诉诸权威的嫌疑，因此(C)也是错误的；(E)选项很明显与本题的论点和论据无任何关系。