Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
【真题来源：2013年12月大学英语四级真题（第一套）Part Ⅲ，Section C，第57-61题】
Passage One
A recent global survey of 2 000 high-net-worth individuals found that 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement. Among US participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs. “Many of these people made their wealth by doing something they're passionate (有激情的) about,” says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth Americas. “Given the choice, they prefer to continue working.” Barclays calls these people “nevertirees”.
Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictions, the average nevertiree often has no one forcing his hand. If 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his own family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day, who's going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.
It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death. In fact, they are. And it's working. Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives. “People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida,” he says. He described one study participant, still working at the age of 100, who was recently disappointed to see his son retire.
“We're beginning to see a change in how people view retirement,” says George Leeson, co-director of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford. Where once retirement was seen as a brief reward after a long struggle through some miserable job, it is now akin (近似) to being cast aside. What Leeson terms “the Warren Buffett effect” is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to “view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution.”
Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing. On the one hand, companies and financial firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient (坚韧的) chief. On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance—an argument that typically holds little sway to a nevertiree.
What do we learn about the so-called “nevertiree”?
【文章导读】
本文节选自 2012 年 3 月 12 日发表于 Newsweek（《新闻周刊》） 网站上的一篇标题为“Nevertirees” : Elderly Americans Who Refuse to Retire（《“永不退休的人”： 拒绝退休的美国老年人》）的文章。本文主要介绍了美国社会上出现“永不退休的人”这一现象。 第1段讲述调查发现有大部分人拒绝退休而选择继续工作， 这些人被称作“永不退休的人”。第 2、 3 段举例说明“永不退休的人”， 并表示研究发现努力工作有益于长寿。 第 4 段说明人们对退休的看法发生了改变。第 5 段提出“永不退休的人”给社会带来的好坏两方面影响。
【定位】 根据题干中的 nevertirees 将本题出处定位于首段。
首段第三句的直接引语部分提到，他们通过做自己热爱的事情来赚钱， 如果有机会， 他们更愿意继续工作下去， 这些人被称为“永不退休的人”。 由此可知，“永不退休的人” 热爱他们的工作而拒绝退休，故答案为 C， 题中的 love what they do 是对文中 doing something they're passionate about 的同义转述， choose not to retire 是对 prefer to continue working 的同义转述。 A项是针对 are passionate about 所设的干扰项，他们是对所做的工作充满热情， 而不是对赚钱充满热情。文中提到“永不退休的人”是在有机会选择的情况下，宁愿继续工作下去， B与此相矛盾。文中没有提到有人强迫他们退休，故排除 D。
What do Irving Kahn and Ruth Bader Ginsburg have in common?
【定位】 根据题干中的 Irving Kahn 和 Ruth Bader Ginsburg 将本题出处定位于第 2 段。
第2段首句提到，不像许多因公司规定而被迫提前退休的美国人，一般的永不退休的人不会受到任何人的限制。接着举了欧文•卡恩和露丝•巴德•金斯伯格的例子，前者是自己家族企业的老板，后者的大法官职位受宪法保护，两人都不会被强制退休，故答案为 A。文中没有提到欧文•卡恩和露丝•巴德•金斯伯格是否期望工作得到回报，故排除 B。文中没有提到有人反对欧文•卡恩和露丝•巴德•金斯伯格继续工作，故排除 C。D项属于过度推断，由欧文•卡恩和露丝•巴德•金斯伯格没有退休不能推断出他们能应对繁重的工作。
What is the finding of Howard Friedman's research?
【定位】 根据题干中的 Howard Friedman 和 research 将本题出处定位于第 3 段。
第 3 段开头提到， 这些拒绝退休的老年人似乎试图欺骗死神， 事实上他们做到了。 接着用霍华德•弗里德曼的研究发现加以论证： 那些工作最努力并且在事业上最成功的人往往寿命最长。 由此可知， 继续工作的老人活得更久， 故答案为 D， 题中的 lengthens people's life 是对文中 live the longest lives 的同义转述。 A)项属于过度推断， 不能由霍华德•弗里德曼的研究发现推断出工作越努力挣钱越多。 B项与霍华德•弗里德曼的研究结果相反。 第 3 段倒数第 2 句提到， 放松下来、 去佛罗里达州过退休生活是错误的建议， 故排除C。
What is the traditional view of retirement according to the passage?
【定位】 根据题干中的 view of retirement 将本题出处定位于第 4 段首句。
第 4 段首句提到， 人们对退休的看法正在改变。 接着第 2 句说明对退休的传统看法， 题干中的 traditional view of retirement 是对 once retirement was seen as…的同义转述，该句提到退休曾经被看作在某种悲惨的工作中长期煎熬之后的直接奖励， 故答案为 C， 题中的 compensation for one's life-long hard work 是对文中 a brief reward after a long struggle through some miserable job 的同义转述。 文中没有提到退休是对年轻一代的负担， 故排除 A。文中没有提到退休是社会成熟和文明的标志， 故排除 B。D项是针对第 4 段末句中 economics productivity 所设的干扰项， 该句提到人们现在不仅意识到退休不仅仅是简单地与经济生产力相联系， 还关乎贡献， 不能由此推断出退休有助于提高经济生产力， 故 D项属于过度推断。
What do critics say about "nevertirees"?
【定位】 题干中的 critics 指的是末段首句中 observers 的中持反对意见的一方，故将本题出处定位于末段。
末段提到，观察者们对于“永不退休的人”持不同意见。一方面，公司和金融企业会因此受益；另一方面，年轻一代的发展会受到阻碍。也就是说，永不退休的人会阻碍年轻人的发展，故答案为 D，其中的 prevent young people from getting ahead 是对文中 the new generation can find it more difficult to advance 的同义转述。文中提到，“永不退休的人”的智慧会使公司受益，A项与此相矛盾。文中没有提到“永不退休的人”缺少创造力或者工作效率降低，故排除 B和 C。