Passage 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.
(76)In the ancient world, as in today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.
What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts ofthe world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt,the America, China, Japan and among the Arctic people, generally the same kinds oftoys appeared.Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings.(77)Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.
Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the ox cart to the automobile is a direct line ofascent (进步). The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3, 000 B. C. to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations ofavailable materials.
The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that ________.
选项 A 是本问题的根本原因， 而选项 B 只是选项 A 的结果； 选项 C， D 在文中未曾提及。
One aspect of“the universality oftoys” lies in the fact that________.
文中第三段提到， 在埃及、 中国等国， 一般来说都有同类的玩具出现， 这是“玩具的一致性”的一个方面。
Which ofthe following is the author's view on the historical development oftoys?
参见文中第三段第一句话。
Regarded as a kind ofart form, toys________.
第四段第一句话明确指出“玩具并不完全取决于技术的飞跃”。
The author uses the example ofa rattle to show that________.
见文中最后一句话， 举拨浪鼓的例子是为了说明即使最简单的玩具也能反映出它所处的时代的艺术品味。