翻译题
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a horrible disease. Afflicting mainly boys, it weakens their muscles and eventually confines them to wheel chairs. In the end, typically when they are in their 20s, it kills them. 【F1】Patients and parents are understandably thrilled, therefore, at the decision taken by America's drug agency, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), to approve the first treatment for such disease. No one could fail to be moved by their campaign to win approval. At an FDA meeting this year one sufferer pleaded: "please don't let me die early." Nonetheless, the decision bodes ill for drug discovery in America. Sarepta Therapeutics, the firm behind the drug, did not meet the usual standards for approval to market it. Staff at the FDA's drug-evaluation division are skeptical about the efficacy of its drug. They argue that the clinical evidence before them involved a flawed experiment on only 12 patients. But the division's director overruled them. The FDA has asked Sarepta to conduct further trials to confirm that its drug works. Shareholders in Sarepta do not have to wait that long to reap the benefits. After the news of the approval broke, the firm's share price rose from $28 to $49. On September 28th a health insurer announced that it would pay for the drug in certain cases. The treatment will not come cheap: its gross annual cost could be as much as $665,600 per patient. Politicians have been urging the FDA to be more responsive to the needs of patients; 【F2】the families of patients did what anyone would, given the choice between the certainty of a bad outcome and the possibility of a better one, and campaigned for treatments to come to market. 【F3】The drug was approved under a special program that allows drugs to go on sale more quickly when they treat grave conditions with unmet needs. But that should not mean that standards for clinical trials are watered down. 【F4】The pact between drug makers and society is that innovative drugs win market exclusivity as a reward for the money that has been spent developing them. Weakening the FDA's standards for approval has two harmful effects. First, it creates an incentive for meaningless innovation. Second, it passes more of the risk involved in drug development to consumers and taxpayers. 【F5】In the future the FDA ought to stick to the clear standard that has served it well for decades: do not approve a drug unless it has been shown to work.
【答案解析】①本句为简单句，但是宾语的后置定语很长且略复杂。②第一个逗号之后的therefore为插入语，意为“因此”。③宾语the decision后面的过去分词短语taken by America's drug agency…for such disease为后置定语，修饰中心词decision，说明解释决策的施行者和施行的目的。其中the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)为同位语，补充说明美国药物机构的名称。另外，不定式短语to approve the first treatment for such disease是the decision的后置定语，说明此决策旨在批准对这种疾病的初次治疗。
【答案解析】①本句为并列的主从复合句，当中包含一个宾语从句。②句首of patients作the families的后置定语，说明the families的具体范围。后面what引导的宾语从句为避免重复，省略了谓语do。③两个逗号之间given the choice between…of a better one为插入语，修饰主语the families of patients，补充说明患者家属面临着两个怎样的选择。其中，of a bad outcome作the certainty的后置定语，修饰中心词certainty；of a better one作the possibility的后置定语。④不定式短语to come to market为目的状语，修饰谓语campaigned for，说明为该疗法发起活动的目的。
【答案解析】①本句为主从复合句，包含一个定语从句和一个时间状语从句。②主句为一个简单的主谓结构。③that引导的定语从句修饰中心词program，补充说明这个program的内容。定语从句中，allow sb．to do sth．意为“允许某人做某事”。不定式to引出的to go on sale more quickly作宾语drugs的宾语补足语。④句子最后是when引导的时间状语从句，说明当药物可以治疗某种暂无疗法的严重疾病时，这个项目可允许加快该药物上市销售的速度。其后带有with的复合结构作后置定语，修饰conditions。
【答案解析】①本句为复合句，包含一个表语从句和一个定语从句。②句首between drug makers and society作主语the pact的后置定语，起修饰作用，说明the pact的范围。③表语从句中as a reward为状语，补充说明win market exclusivity，意为“作为……的一种奖励”。其后的介词for引出的for the money为目的状语成分。④定语从句that has been spent developing them修饰先行词the money，其中宾语them指代的是前文的innovative drugs。