Passage Five
Is the profession of medicine in retreat? I’m reminded of this with September welcoming a new influx（流入）of medical students. A handful of them may be some of the wide-eyed enthusiasts who attended a meeting at the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) earlier this year about why they should choose a career in medicine. Choose medicine, I said, because it is a profession that allows you to pursue many different paths, catering for the diverse personalities that constitute any medical school’s intake.
But I’m beginning to wonder if I misled them? Not just on the opportunities that will open up to them and only be limited by their own ambition and abilities. No, I’m questioning something more fundamental: the perception of medicine as a profession.
Doctors have traditionally embellished（润色）their day jobs with roles, for example, on medical committees, college councils, and faculties for conferences, meetings and training courses. Journal editors and associate editors are prime examples of doctors taking on an additional responsibility to their full-time role.
The advantages of these outside interests and positions have been considerable for individuals and for the organizations that employ them. The organizations gain greater influence, open themselves up to new ideas and alternative strategies, and can gain a competitive advantage. Doctors have considered that these additional responsibilities are an important differentiator between medicine as a profession and medicine as a factory job.
Yet times are changing. Clock-watching has become common place, with the European a Working Time Directive being the most obvious examples. More troublesome for many senior doctors is the issue of job planning, which is beginning to limit the additional roles and responsibilities that doctors can undertake. Organizations are becoming more corporate and less enlightened.
Most doctors will find a way round this new regime, but short-term petty-minded bosses are beginning to view doctors as factory workers. Their limited vision considers doctors to be dangerously independent, malfunctioning cogs（无足轻重的成员）in their wobbly health care machine, a species to be controlled and beaten into the shape of appropriate widget（装饰品）.
Medicine was never meant to be governed by such tunnel vision, was it? Ultimately it will be the less enlightened organizations who will fail. These organizations will perceive little value in doctors’spreading their wings and will treat them like factory workers, clocking on and off and filling in timesheets. Doctors in these organizations will begin to wonder whether medicine is any longer a profession when its practitioners are forced to cower（畏缩） before number crunchers and bean counters.
Why does the author wonder if he misled the prospective medical students?
【文章大意】
医学职业在后退吗？对于如今的医学职业现状，我正在质疑某种更根本的问题，即 将医学看成一种职业。在传统上医生们一直通过担任医学委员会成员等角色来润色自己 白天的工作，这种情况让医生本人和相关机构都受益。然而，随着时代的改变，目光短 浅且心胸狭窄的老板们正开始把医生看成工厂工人。
推理判断题。由第二段中“But I’m beginning to wonder if I misled them? Not just on the opportunities that will open up to them and only be limited by their own ambition and abilities. No, I’m questioning something more fundamental: the perception of medicine as a profession.然而，我正开始想知道自己是否误导了他们。不只是在对 他们会开放且只被他们自身的雄心和能力限制的机会方面。不，我正在质疑某种 更根本的问题，即将医学看成一种职业。”的对应可推知 B 项“因为它担忧作为 一种职业的医学”正确。A 项“因为他在他们的选择上告诉了他们错误的消息”； C 项“因为他质疑他们的雄心和能力”；D 项“因为他不确定他们多种多样的性 格”。
Which of the following is NOT a benefit for the employers from their doctors taking on additional responsibilities?
细节事实题。由第四段中“The organizations gain greater influence, open themselves up to new ideas and alternative strategies, and can gain a competitive advantage.这些 组织（即雇主）获得更大的影响力，让自身敞开心扉接受新观念和替代策略，且 能获得竞争优势。”的对应可知“更多的职位”与原文不符，故 A 项正确。B 项 “更大的影响力”；C 项“更大的竞争力”；D 项“更多接触新观念”。
What is the most probable message from the passage?
推理判断题。由最后一段中“These organizations will perceive little value in doctors’ spreading their wings and will treat them like factory workers, clocking on and off and filling in timesheets.这些组织在医生们的大展拳脚中将很少察觉到价值，会像对待 上下班打卡且填写工时表的工厂工人那样对待他们。”的对应可推知 B 项“医学 （职业）正变得像工厂工作”正确。A 项“大多数的雇主目光短浅且心胸狭窄”； C 项“医生的角色和职责一直在改变”；D 项“年长的医生由于不断衰退的市场 而受到挑战”。
In the last paragraph, the author seems to warn ________.
推理判断题。由最后一段中“Medicine was never meant to be governed by such tunnel vision, was it? Ultimately it will be the less enlightened organizations who will fail. These organizations will perceive little value in doctors’spreading their wings and will treat them like factory workers, clocking on and off and filling in timesheets.医学本来就不应该被这样狭隘的眼光管理，不是吗？最终会衰退的是不那么开明的组 织。这些组织在医生们的大展拳脚中将很少察觉到价值，会像对待上下班打卡且 填写工时表的工厂工人那样对待他们。”的对应可推知 B 项“这些组织把医生看 成工厂工人”正确。A 项“政府限制医生担任额外的角色”；C 项“执业医师肩 负额外的职责”；D 项“医生太广泛地大展拳脚”。
What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
推理判断题。由最后一段中“Medicine was never meant to be governed by such tunnel vision, was it? Ultimately it will be the less enlightened organizations who will fail.医学本来就不应该被这样狭隘的眼光管理，不是吗？最终会衰退的是不那么 开明的组织。”与“These organizations will perceive little value in doctors’spreading their wings and will treat them like factory workers, clocking on and off and filling in timesheets.这些组织在医生们的大展拳脚中将很少察觉到价值，会像对待上下班 打卡且填写工时表的工厂工人那样对待他们。”的对应可推知 A 项“建议组织思 想开放”正确。B 项“提醒读者医学是一种职业”；C 项“质疑担任额外职位的 角色”；D 项“解释担任额外职位的角色的好处”。
【长难句剖析】
1. Journal editors and associate editors are prime examples of doctors taking on an additional responsibility to their full-time role.
【参考译文】期刊编辑和助理编辑是在全职工作外担任额外职责的医生的最好例 子。
【结构分析】句子主干为“Journal editors and associate editors are prime examples”； “of doctors taking on an additional responsibility to their full-time role”为介词 of 引导的短 语充当“prime examples”的后置定语，其中“taking on an additional responsibility to their full-time role”为分词短语充当“doctors”的后置定语。
2. More troublesome for many senior doctors is the issue of job planning, which is beginning to limit the additional roles and responsibilities that doctors can undertake.
【参考译文】对很多年老的医生而言，比较麻烦的是工作计划问题，其正开始限制 医生们可以承担的额外角色和职责。
【结构分析】句子主干为“More troublesome for many senior doctors is the issue of job planning”；“which is beginning to limit the additional roles and responsibilities that doctors can undertake”为 which 引导的从句充当“the issue of job planning”的后置定语，其中 “that doctors can undertake”为 that 引导的从句充当“the additional roles and responsibilities”的后置定语。
3. These organizations will perceive little value in doctors’spreading their wings and will treat them like factory workers, clocking on and off and filling in timesheets.
【参考译文】这些组织在医生们的大展拳脚中将很少察觉到价值，会像对待上下班 打卡且填写工时表的工厂工人那样对待他们。
【结构分析】句子主干为“These organizations will perceive little value and will treat them like factory workers”；“in doctors’spreading their wings”为地点状语；其中“clocking on and off and filling in timesheets”为分词短语充当“factory workers”的后置定语。