填空题
{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
[A] As a science, management entails the use of
organized knowledge. Many of the things managers do are a result of information
obtained through formal research and study. One area in which a great deal has
been done is quantitative decision making or, as it is known today, management
science. We know that by using certain mathematical formulas we can control
inventory and project demand more accurately than by merely using trial and
error.
[B] Management is the process of getting things done through people. We know that part of this process is carried out with the development of an organization structure.
[C] Yet management is also an art. Through experience the manager develops judgment and intuition, subjective factors that are useful in evaluation situations. For example, the manager may have to choose between two strategies, A and B, All research and study may indicate that neither of the two is any better than the other.
[D] Effective management is a combination of art and science. Neither should be ignored; neither ought to be relied on exclusively. In getting things done through people, management must seek the right blend of art and science. At the upper levels of the hierarchy there will be more emphasis on the former; at the lower levels there will be more emphasis on the latter.
[E] How do managers succeed in getting things done through people? In order to answer this question it is necessary to break down the manager' s job into its basic duties or functions. Management entails planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. By performing web in each of these areas the manager can get things done through people.
[F] However, what if the manager chooses strategy A on the basis of intuition and proves to be right? In this case it is difficult to say precisely why the manager was able to choose so well, but there must be some special ability he or she has. This same type of ability is useful in managing people. Effective managers know when to flatter their subordinates and when to be stern. Such human behavior skills cannot be quantified; they can only be learned through experience and training.
[G] However, there is more to management than just organizing the people and the work. Objectives must be set, plans formulated, people directed, and operations controlled. In making the necessary decisions, management must rely on all the skills at its command. As a result, management is both a science and an art.
[B] Management is the process of getting things done through people. We know that part of this process is carried out with the development of an organization structure.
[C] Yet management is also an art. Through experience the manager develops judgment and intuition, subjective factors that are useful in evaluation situations. For example, the manager may have to choose between two strategies, A and B, All research and study may indicate that neither of the two is any better than the other.
[D] Effective management is a combination of art and science. Neither should be ignored; neither ought to be relied on exclusively. In getting things done through people, management must seek the right blend of art and science. At the upper levels of the hierarchy there will be more emphasis on the former; at the lower levels there will be more emphasis on the latter.
[E] How do managers succeed in getting things done through people? In order to answer this question it is necessary to break down the manager' s job into its basic duties or functions. Management entails planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. By performing web in each of these areas the manager can get things done through people.
[F] However, what if the manager chooses strategy A on the basis of intuition and proves to be right? In this case it is difficult to say precisely why the manager was able to choose so well, but there must be some special ability he or she has. This same type of ability is useful in managing people. Effective managers know when to flatter their subordinates and when to be stern. Such human behavior skills cannot be quantified; they can only be learned through experience and training.
[G] However, there is more to management than just organizing the people and the work. Objectives must be set, plans formulated, people directed, and operations controlled. In making the necessary decisions, management must rely on all the skills at its command. As a result, management is both a science and an art.