【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[听力原文] 1-6
OK, uh let's um, let's start. Uh, today we're gonna talk about marketing. Does marketing create or satisfy needs? As stated in Chapter one, marketing shapes consumers' needs and wants, they do not create those needs. Needs are basic human requirements that preexists marketers. The hierarchy of needs that exists is physiological including basic food, water, and shelter; safety, that is, selfpreservation; social, that is, love and friendship; personal including status, and self-respect; and self-actualization, that means, personal fulfillment. These needs can be stated, real, unstated, delight, and secret. Needs, wants, and demands are a core foundation for marketing. Marketing is the process of identifying, influencing, and satisfying those needs, on human and society. Marketers do not just respond to consumers' needs. The basic desire to survive is a need. A specific fulfillment of that need is a want. Demands are wants for specific products or services, with the ability to buy. A skillful marketer understands the needs, influences the wants, and promotes ideas that lead consumers to make unnecessary purchases. The skillful marketer takes the basic need to a higher level that stimulates and generates a need or want that influences and motivates the consumers to satisfy that want. Marketing does not offer one-dimensional products, but multi-dimensional products offerings promoted through a variety of choices and propaganda. However, budgets, needs, and wants help the consumer to make the specific choice. Herein is the marketers' ability to shape the needs and wants, and then satisfy those needs and wants.
Critics claim that marketers create new products and services for the consuming public, and make them believe they are needs so consumers will buy more and spend money unnecessarily. I believe the notion of creating a new need is false. As stated in chapter one of the text, "needs are basic human requirements." Wants on the other hand, "are shaped by one's society." It is my belief that marketers are able to research, exactly what the needs are of specific markets, and apply marketing techniques and tools to best fit consumers' needs.
Consumers already have specific needs and wants, and marketers are just utilizing the Information Age and specific information about target markets so that their products and services are highly demanded. Many tools are available today that marketers can leverage to gather mass quantities of information about specific markets. They then manipulate that information to develop products and services that match exactly what that specific market desires; therefore consumers want more of that commodity. Peter Drucker once stated, marketing should result in a customer who is ready to buy. All that should be needed then is to make the product or service available, is exactly why critics claim consumers are spending unnecessarily.
Another reason I believe the critics who claim, "Marketers shape the needs and wants of consumers," say this because of what consumers have today compared to what they had in the past; increased buying power, greater variety of goods and services, greater amount of information, greater ease in interacting and placing orders, and the ability to compare with other consumers. All of these factors are not because marketers have created new needs and wants, but because they utilize those trends to better meet the needs and wants of consumers. Marketing has become almost entirely consumer driven, which means that marketers select their target market and then create the product or service that is most needed and demanded.
In conclusion, marketing has just become a first-mover business, where the first company that discovers the target market specific needs and wants will develop a product or service to satisfy that market. With the increased buying power that is apparent today and the decrease in brand loyalty, consumers are likely to buy those products and services offered because they are available.
[解析] 本题为要点题，要求考生理解分散在听力材料中的关键词汇、词组和事实，并通过综合分析来确定听力材料的要点。题目问：这个讲座的主要内容是什么?根据报告的第一句“OK, uh let's um, let's start. Uh, today we're gonna talk about marketing. Does Marketing Create or Satisfy Needs?”可知讨论的是市场学，所以选A。

【正确答案】/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n

	Yes	No
safety	√
self-respect	√
health		√
wealth		√
personal fulfillment	√

【答案解析】[解析] 本题为要点题，要求考生能够抓住听力材料中所提到的几个或多个重要信息。题目问：教授提到不同层次的需求，请找出他提到的几个需求。从“The hierarchy of needs that exists is physiological including basic food, water, and shelter; safety, that is, self-preservation; social, that is, love and friendship; personal including status, and self-respect; and self-actualization, that means, personal fulfillment”可知，表中所列的需求中，safety, self-respect, personal fulfillment被提到。

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 本题为细节题，要求考生能够理解并记住听力材料中明确表述的细节或事实，如阐明要点的例证或解释。题目问：教授为什么提到不同层次的需求?从第一段开头部分的句子“Needs are basic human requirement that preexists marketers”可知，需求是人类的基本要求，它是市场学的基础，所以选B。

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 本题仍为细节题。题目问：以下陈述中哪一项教授没有提到?从第一段中间部分的句子“Marketing is the process of identifying, influencing, and satisfying those needs, on human and society”可知，选项C(营销是创造需求的过程)没有被提到，所以选C。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 本题为语用理解题中的功能题，考查考生对听力材料的语用理解，主要是理解说话者的目的。题目问：教授为什么要这么说?从第四段的句子“Marketing has become almost entirely consumer driven, which means that marketers select their target market and then create the product or service that is most needed and demanded”可知，营销并不能创造需求，只能生产产品或提供服务来满足消费者的需求，因此选择A。

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 本题仍属于语用理解题中的功能题，即要求弄清说话者的目的。题目问：教授为什么发问?教授提出市场学创造需求还是满足需求的问题，是为了引出下文，以便更详细地讨论，所以选C。