单选题
In 1924 American's National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting (1) workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended (2) giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very (3) to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior. The idea arose because of the (4) behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to (5) of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not (6) what was done in the experiment; (7) something was changed, productivity rose. A (n) (8) that they were being experimented upon seemed to be (9) to alter workers' behavior (10) itself. After several decades, the same data were (11) to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store (12) the descriptions on record, no systematic (13) was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to (14) interpretation of what happened. (15) , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output (16) rose compared with the previous Saturday and (17) to rise for the next couple of days. (18) , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers (19) to be diligent for the first few days of the working week in any case, before (20) a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.
单选题
A. affected B. achieved C. extracted D. restored
【答案解析】[解析] 空格后的to being experimented upon为该题的定语,意为“接受实验的”,选项中只有C:act“行为”符合“接受实验”的性质,为正确答案。而A:truth强调某件事情是真实情况,并非编造的,不符合语境,所以排除;B:sight“景象;看法”和D:proof“证据”与原文中“接受实验的”不搭配,排除。
单选题
A. controversial B. perplexing C. mischievous D. ambiguous
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 此处的形容词修饰behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant(霍桑工厂里女工的表现),结合下文可知,无论照明是变亮还是变暗,她们每小时的产量都有所提高,因此可以判断这种表现令人费解,故选B:perplexing。A:controversial“有争议的”、C:mischievous“恶作剧的;有害的”和D:ambiguous“模棱两可的”都不能描述下文中工人的行为,所以排除。
单选题
A. requirements B. explanations C. accounts D. assessments
【答案解析】[解析] 句子中的It是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的名词性从句what was done in the experiment。Matter“有关系,要紧”往往用于否定句中,本处意思是“实验中做了什么并不重要”,故选B。A:conclude“结束;断定”和D:work“起作用”不符合此处语境,排除;C:indicate意为“表明”,通常作及物动词,和原句的结构不符合,所以排除。
单选题
A. as far as B. for fear that C. in case that D. so long as
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 由该句的前一部分可知,无论实验中做了什么都不重要。后半句进一步解释某一方面发生改变,生产率会提高。由句意可以判断,D:as long as“只要”为正确选项,此处强调了无论是哪一方面发生变化,工人的生产率都会提高。A:as far as表示范围、程度,意为“就……;至于”;B:for fear that“唯恐”和C:in case that“免得;以防”都不符合此处语境。
单选题
A. awareness B. expectation C. sentiment D. illusion
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 该句中that they were being experimented upon(她们正在接受实验)是空格处的同位语从句,结合选项可知A:awareness“意识”符合该从句的意思,本句的大意是说:工人知道自己本身是被研究对象这一意识就足以改变他们的行为。B:expectation“期待”、C:sentiment“心情”和D:illusion“幻觉”都不符合文义,所以排除。
单选题
A. suitable B. excessive C. enough D. abundant
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 句子的已知信息为:工人意识到自己正在接受实验,就改变他们的表现。根据第1段的末句the very act to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior(单单接受实验这一行为就会改变实验对象的表现)可以判断C:enough“足够的”为正确答案。A:suitable“合适的”、B:excessive“过度的”与文意无关;D:abundant“大量的;充裕的”常用来修饰数量,不能表示程度,排除。
单选题
A. evidence B. guidance C. implication D. source
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 注意此处的正常语序应为no systematic that levels of productivity were related to change in lighting was found,意思是“没有发现系统地说明生产力的高低和照明的变化有关”。由此可以判断A:evidence“证据”符合句意。B:guidance“指导”、C:implication“含义”和D:source“来源”与后面从句的意思都不对应,排除。
单选题
A. disputable B. enlightening C. reliable D. misleading
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 由上文可知,数十年后人们通过计量经济学来分析实验的数据,推翻了原有的“霍桑效应”的观点。第4段第1句起到了承上启下的作用,句中用turns out(证明是)和may have led to(可能造成了)说明人们现在如何从新的角度看待原来的理论。故应用D:misleading“引入歧途的”来修饰句中的interpretation of what happened(对事情的解释),说明原有的解释是错误的。A:disputable“未确定的”不够贴切,因为文章明确表示原有的观点是错误的;B:enlightening“启发的”和C:reliable“可靠的”和文意相悖,所以排除。”
单选题
A. In contrast B. For example C. In consequence D. As usual
【答案解析】[解析] 句子的已知信息为:工人每到周一复工时,产量和上个周六相比总会有所提高,而且接下来的几天中产量将继续提高。再结合该段最后一句中的workers ______ to be diligent for the first few days of the working week...(工人在工作周的头几天都会努力工作),可知D:continued“继续”符合文意,为正确选项。A:failed“不能”和B:ceased“停止”和文意相悖;而C:started“开始”和句中提到的“周一的产量会有所提高”矛盾,也排除。
单选题
A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. However D. Meanwhile