问答题
Consider the following statements, made by the same man eight years apart. "Eventually, being "poor" won"t be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills." That was Bill Gates talking in 1992. Way back then, the Microsoft chairman"s image was that of a rather harsh, libertarian-leaning fellow who proudly declared his products alone would "change the world."
When asked what he would do with his billions, the boy wonder of Silicon Valley used to shrug off the question, saying his long workdays didn"t leave time for charity. But now listen to the same Gates-or perhaps not quite the same Gages-talking in the fall of 2000: Whenever the computer industry has a panel about the digital divide and I"m on the panel, I always think, "OK, you want to send computers to Africa, what about food and electricity-those computers aren"t going to be that valuable"... The mothers are going to walk right up to that computer and say: "My children are dying, what can you do?"
Yes, even Bill Gates, the iconic capitalist of our day, seems to have come around. The self-assured Gates of 1992 was obviously a man of his times, confident of his industry"s ability to change the world, certain that the power of markets and new technology, once unleashed, would address most of the world"s ills. But the more skeptical Gates of the new millennium is someone who evinces a passion for giving and government aid. He shares a growing realization, even in the multibillionaire set, that something is amiss with the ideology that has prevailed since the end of the cold war: global-capitalism-as-panacea.
Yes, even Bill Gates, the iconic capitalist of our day, seems to have come around. The self-assured Gates of 1992 was obviously a man of his times, confident of his industry"s ability to change the world, certain that the power of markets and new technology, once unleashed, would address most of the world"s ills. But the more skeptical Gates of the new millennium is someone who evinces a passion for giving and government aid. He shares a growing realization, even in the multibillionaire set, that something is amiss with the ideology that has prevailed since the end of the cold war: global-capitalism-as-panacea.
问答题
Consider the following statements, made by the same man eight years apart. "Eventually, being "poor" won"t be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills." That was Bill Gates talking in 1992.
【正确答案】
【答案解析】请思考一下同一个人在相隔八年前后说的话。“说到底，贫穷与其说是指生活在贫穷的国家，不如说是指只拥有低劣的技能。”这是比尔·盖茨在1992年说的话。
[解析] 将won"t be as much...as...译作“与其说是……不如说是……”即“贫穷与其说是指生活在贫穷的国家，不如说是指只拥有低劣的技术”较贴切。
1)比较项目相同的结构。如：
Mary is as clever as her brother.玛丽和她的哥哥一样聪明。
2)比较对象不一样的结构。主语可一致，也可不一致。这在考试中已出现多次，例如：
The biggest problem of the third industrial revolution is as easy to explain as it is difficult to solve.第三次工业革命最大的问题既容易说明，又难以解决。(2000年9月)
The economic principles for national success are as difficult to implement as they are easy to state.使国家取得成功的经济准则说起来容易，执行起来难。(2008年3月)
His uncle was as base and unworthy as his father had been upright and honorable.它的叔叔卑鄙龌龊，不像她父亲那样为人正直诚实。(主语不一致)
3)not so/as much...as...结构。有两种可能的结构，通常不作比较结构理解，而是一种固定句型结构，译作“与其说是……不如说是……”，如：
It wasn"t as/so much the clothes as the man, himself who impressed immediately.立即给人以深刻印象的与其说是衣服，还不如说是这个人本身。
They won"t be as much islands as sandbars.与其说那些是岛屿，还不如说是些沙洲。当然not so/as much...as...也可能是比较结构，可以译作“不如……那么多”。
I haven"t seen as/so much of the world as he.我见过的世面没有他多。
原文的两个matter没有实质意义，翻译时省略。如：
He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone.他很快讲了一番话，语气十分威严，使所有人都安静了下来。
1)比较项目相同的结构。如：
Mary is as clever as her brother.玛丽和她的哥哥一样聪明。
2)比较对象不一样的结构。主语可一致，也可不一致。这在考试中已出现多次，例如：
The biggest problem of the third industrial revolution is as easy to explain as it is difficult to solve.第三次工业革命最大的问题既容易说明，又难以解决。(2000年9月)
The economic principles for national success are as difficult to implement as they are easy to state.使国家取得成功的经济准则说起来容易，执行起来难。(2008年3月)
His uncle was as base and unworthy as his father had been upright and honorable.它的叔叔卑鄙龌龊，不像她父亲那样为人正直诚实。(主语不一致)
3)not so/as much...as...结构。有两种可能的结构，通常不作比较结构理解，而是一种固定句型结构，译作“与其说是……不如说是……”，如：
It wasn"t as/so much the clothes as the man, himself who impressed immediately.立即给人以深刻印象的与其说是衣服，还不如说是这个人本身。
They won"t be as much islands as sandbars.与其说那些是岛屿，还不如说是些沙洲。当然not so/as much...as...也可能是比较结构，可以译作“不如……那么多”。
I haven"t seen as/so much of the world as he.我见过的世面没有他多。
原文的两个matter没有实质意义，翻译时省略。如：
He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone.他很快讲了一番话，语气十分威严，使所有人都安静了下来。
问答题
Way back then, the Microsoft chairman"s image was that of a rather harsh, libertarian-leaning fellow who proudly declared his products alone would "change the world.”
【正确答案】
【答案解析】想当年，这位微软公司董事长的形象是个待人严厉、有自由(意志论)倾向的家伙，他得意地宣称只需要靠自己的产品就可以“改变世界”。
[解析] 1)代词的省略。the Microsoft chairman"s image was that of a rather harsh libertarian-leaning fellow中的that指代the image，翻译时可将指示代词省略，译作“这位微软公司董事长的形象是个待人严厉、有自由(意志论)倾向的家伙”。又如：
You can never tell.很难说。
The average American changes his or her job nine or ten times during his or her working time.普通美国人一生中换九到十次工作。
2)动词的增加。His products would "change the world." 本来可译作“他的产品可以‘改变世界’”。但原文多了alone一词，译作“他的产品单独可以‘改变世界’”，尚欠通顺，“他的产品本身可以‘改变世界’”又不确切。可添加动词“依靠”，译作“只需要靠自己的产品就可以‘改变世界’”不仅意思恰当，也显得通顺多了。如：
The cities utilize these funds for education, police and fire department, public works and municipal buildings.市政府将这些资金用于 兴办 教育事业， 加强 治安消防， 投资 市政工程和市政建筑。
3)定语从句的译法。把较长的定语从句译作前置定语往往不符合汉语表达习惯。翻译时可采取“化整为零”的方法，将其拆分为独立的分句。a rather harsh，libertarian-leaning fellow who proudly declared his products alone would "change the world 译作“待人严厉、有自由(意志论)倾向的家伙，他得意地宣称只需要靠自己的产品就可以‘改变世界’。
Shakespeare was a great English writer whose name was known throughout the world. 莎士比亚是伟大的英国作家，他的名字在全世界无人不晓。
But world attention also is focusing on anther step, which will make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit.同时，人们也正在把注意力集中在另一项措施上，这项措施将使吸烟者越来越意识到自己的不良习惯并为之感到不安。
You can never tell.很难说。
The average American changes his or her job nine or ten times during his or her working time.普通美国人一生中换九到十次工作。
2)动词的增加。His products would "change the world." 本来可译作“他的产品可以‘改变世界’”。但原文多了alone一词，译作“他的产品单独可以‘改变世界’”，尚欠通顺，“他的产品本身可以‘改变世界’”又不确切。可添加动词“依靠”，译作“只需要靠自己的产品就可以‘改变世界’”不仅意思恰当，也显得通顺多了。如：
The cities utilize these funds for education, police and fire department, public works and municipal buildings.市政府将这些资金用于 兴办 教育事业， 加强 治安消防， 投资 市政工程和市政建筑。
3)定语从句的译法。把较长的定语从句译作前置定语往往不符合汉语表达习惯。翻译时可采取“化整为零”的方法，将其拆分为独立的分句。a rather harsh，libertarian-leaning fellow who proudly declared his products alone would "change the world 译作“待人严厉、有自由(意志论)倾向的家伙，他得意地宣称只需要靠自己的产品就可以‘改变世界’。
Shakespeare was a great English writer whose name was known throughout the world. 莎士比亚是伟大的英国作家，他的名字在全世界无人不晓。
But world attention also is focusing on anther step, which will make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit.同时，人们也正在把注意力集中在另一项措施上，这项措施将使吸烟者越来越意识到自己的不良习惯并为之感到不安。
问答题
Yes, even Bill Gates, the iconic capitalist of our day, seems to have come around.
【正确答案】
【答案解析】是的，即便是今天的资本家偶像比尔·盖茨，似乎也改变了想法。
[解析] 形容词iconic，转译为名词“偶像”。词类转译是翻译中被广泛应用的技巧之一，根据表达需要，可对原文的词性作一些变化。如，
The internet is different from traditional media in that it sends and receives information faster.因特网与传统媒体的 区别 在于它发送和接收信息的速度更快。(形容词转译为名词)
Success is dependant on his hard work.成功 取决于 他的努力。(形容词转译为动词)
The picture gives a visual representation of the situation.这张照片 直观地 体现了当时的情形。(形容词转译为副词)
The internet is different from traditional media in that it sends and receives information faster.因特网与传统媒体的 区别 在于它发送和接收信息的速度更快。(形容词转译为名词)
Success is dependant on his hard work.成功 取决于 他的努力。(形容词转译为动词)
The picture gives a visual representation of the situation.这张照片 直观地 体现了当时的情形。(形容词转译为副词)
问答题
The self-assured Gates of 1992 was obviously a man of his times, confident of his industry"s ability to change the world, certain that the power of markets and new technology, once unleashed, would address most of the world"s ills.
【正确答案】
【答案解析】1992年时充满自信的盖茨显然属于那个时代，相信他从事的行业拥有改变世界的能力，确信市场和新技术的力量一旦得到释放，就可以解决世界上的绝大多数问题。
[解析] The self-assured Gates of 1992 was obviously a man of his times可直译为“1992年时充满自信的盖茨显然是那个时代的人”，译文添加了动词“属于”，译作“1992年时充满自信的盖茨显然
属于
那个时代”。同样confident of his industry"s ability to change the world增加了两个动词“从事”和“拥有”，译成“相信他
从事
的行业
拥有
改变世界的能力”。
world"s ills是一个暗喻，把世界上难以解决的问题比作难以根治的顽疾。这个比喻使用较多，已形成一些新的转义，在词典中也已注明了新的词义“问题”，如economic/social ills。address作动词的一个意思是“考虑处理(问题)”，常见搭配有address the issue/problem，这里可与ills搭配。address most of the world"s ills可译作“处理世界上的绝大多数问题”，并引申为“解决世界上的绝大多数问题”。
world"s ills是一个暗喻，把世界上难以解决的问题比作难以根治的顽疾。这个比喻使用较多，已形成一些新的转义，在词典中也已注明了新的词义“问题”，如economic/social ills。address作动词的一个意思是“考虑处理(问题)”，常见搭配有address the issue/problem，这里可与ills搭配。address most of the world"s ills可译作“处理世界上的绝大多数问题”，并引申为“解决世界上的绝大多数问题”。
问答题
But the more skeptical Gates of the new millennium is someone who evinces a passion for giving and government aid.
【正确答案】
【答案解析】但是新千年的盖茨对此持怀疑态度，表现出一种对奉献和政府援助的热情。
[解析] someone后接定语从句who evinces a passion for giving and government aid，翻译时将主句与定语从句重新组合，直接译作谓语，先行词someone和关系代词who不译，这是使用融合法来译该定语从句。又如：
This is an adjective that modifies the noun before it.这个形容词修饰前面的那个名词。
存在句there be结构中的定语从句也往往使用融合法翻译，例如：
There is nothing that can prevent our coming.什么也不能阻止我们来。
There are those who insist that the era of a computer terminal on every desk is just around the corner.有些人相信，每张桌上放置一台电脑终端设备的时代即将来临。
the more skeptical Gates of the new millennium译作“新千年的盖茨 对此持怀疑态度 ”。翻译时添加了介词短语“对此”、动词“持”和名词“态度”，准确体现了原文的意思。
This is an adjective that modifies the noun before it.这个形容词修饰前面的那个名词。
存在句there be结构中的定语从句也往往使用融合法翻译，例如：
There is nothing that can prevent our coming.什么也不能阻止我们来。
There are those who insist that the era of a computer terminal on every desk is just around the corner.有些人相信，每张桌上放置一台电脑终端设备的时代即将来临。
the more skeptical Gates of the new millennium译作“新千年的盖茨 对此持怀疑态度 ”。翻译时添加了介词短语“对此”、动词“持”和名词“态度”，准确体现了原文的意思。
问答题
He shares a growing realization, even in the multibillionaire set, that something is amiss with the ideology that has prevailed since the end of the cold war: global-capitalism-as-panacea.
【正确答案】
【答案解析】尽管他已是亿万富翁，但也越来越认识到自冷战结束以来盛行的“全球资本主义是万灵药”的意识形态一定有不当之处。
[解析] 主句是He shares a growing realization，而同位语从句that something is amiss...解释了realization的内容。该同位语从句本身的结构又较复杂：主干部分是something is amiss with the ideology，名词ideology后又有两个内容，一是由that引导的定语从句，其中包含状语从句since the end of the cold war；另一个是冒号后的同位语global-capitalism-as-panacea，是ideology的内容。最后even in the multibillionaire set则是主句的状语，翻译时可提前。该句的三个层面见下图：
