We are fortunate in having two different kinds of scientists. Among them are the basic scientists 【A1】______ have curiosity as their impelling motive, who report their findings and 【A2】______ not bother to follow the long road 【A3】______ useful applications of their discoveries. When a research is carried as 【A4】______ as they desire, they return to their【A5】______ and work on other pioneering problems in which they are【A6】______, and again they feed their results into 【A7】______ world’s pool of scientific knowledge. Such【A8】______ predominate in academic laboratories.

【A9】______ type of scientist, found largely in industrial laboratories, is interested in science 【A10】______ applied in technology. These scientists try to adapt the results of pure【A11】______ to human needs and to solve specific【A12】______ in order to improve products or increase efficiencies of manufacturing. The【A13】______ scientists often work in teams which contain scientists of【A14】______ backgrounds, perhaps a mathematician, a physicist, a chemist, and an engineer. Rapid advances are【A15】______ through this programmatic applied research, for【A16】______, the three short years from the discovery of nuclear fission to the first nuclear chain reaction, and a【A17】______ three years from the nuclear chain reaction to the nuclear explosion.

There is no fixed line 【A18】______ basic and applied research: practical applications often require additional basic research in order to fill 【A19】______ in available knowledge, and many good ideas for basic investigations come from applied 【A20】______. Applied research feeds on basic research, but basic research and its tools are also dependent on applied research. So technology grows.