单选题 {{B}}Passage Five{{/B}}
African American women's search for societal acceptance often encompasses struggle between natural and socially constructed ideas of beauty. As an essential component in traditional African societies, cosmetic modification is ritualized to emphasize natural features of blackness. Defined by social occasion such as childhood development maturity, indicators of marital status or the group to which you belong, beautification of the hair and body play an essential role. In our racially conscious society, presenting a physical image and being accepted is a complex negotiation between two different worlds.
Hair is an outward expression of culture and heritage. It also represents a sense of personal style. In the search for the African American identity, blacks have undergone many different changes in hairstyle. Hairstyles are cultural classifiers of what African Americans consider beautiful. Hairstyles are a representation of the African American soul, all of their confidence and dignity show in how they present themselves on Sundays and on a daily basis. "During the sixties, white American youth used their hair to make a variety of political and philosophical statements," young blacks joined thereafter. "The natural hairstyle not only was easier to care for, but also gave African Americans a closer tie to their heritage. Natural style serves as a visible imprimatur of blackness: a tribute to group unity; a statement of self-love and personal significance." By rejecting the white standards of beauty, black Americans halted the processes of using chemical strengtheners or hot irons.
A woman talks about her struggle. "I remember battling with the idea of going natural for several years. I never had the courage because every time I pictured myself with my natural hair, I never saw beauty. Now my hair is natural, thick and healthy." African American women are finding confidence within themselves to wear their hair naturally and feel beautiful about it. Many contemporary African Americans are avoiding high maintenance and feeling confident in their natural beauty.
It was a different story in the past. African Americans were pressed. Shame was the motivation behind blacks losing their roots and ethnic identity. By being brainwashed into believing black people are "inferior" and white people are "superior", African Americans have mutilated and adjusted their bodies to try to look "pretty" by white standards.
Hair is as different as the people it belongs to. People are finally recognizing that beauty is what helps to create our individual identities. Ultimately, individual confidence shapes and strengthens the culture of tile African American community.
单选题 The first paragraph tells us that African Americans ______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】推断题。本题意在总结第1段的中心大意。第1段的第1句是本段的中心句。最后一句为总结句。两句中分别出现了struggle“心理斗争”,negotiation“协商”两个词。这两个词很恰当地说明了美国非裔妇女的矛盾心理,一方面想得到社会的认可,即必须遵循所谓的约定俗成的美,另一方面又要保持自己的种族身份,强调一种自然的美。所以可以推断出选项A“他们一直在试图得到社会的认可”最贴近这个中心。
单选题 What kind of problem do African Americans face in society?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】推断题。第2段的前两句讲到头发是一种文化与传统的外在表现,同时也是一种个性的体现。但是对美国非裔来讲,若想得到社会的认可,融入到主流的文化中去就必须做出改变,例如在发型发式上。所以答案B最能说明这个问题。
单选题 The word "imprimatur" in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】词汇理解题。问题是第2段中的imprimatur一词最有可能的意思是什么?第 2段倒数第4行的句子中列举了3个并列的成分,根据这一逻辑关系,我们可以间接地推断出imprimatur一词的含义。
单选题 African Americans stopped using chemical strengtheners or hot irons because ______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】细节题。文章第2段倒数第5句提到:事实上,他们自然的发型更便于打理,并使其与自己的传统紧密相连。这些便是他们摒弃美国白人的所谓审美观,保持自身民族特征的原因所在。
单选题 Why did some African Americans accept the white standards of beauty?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】推断题。文章第4段提到被强迫洗脑后,他们开始相信白人是“优越”的,而自己却是“低劣”的。他们按照白人的审美观点改变自己的外形,使自己看上去漂亮优雅些。实际上,他们所做的这一切都是为了赢得社会的认可。其根本原因是“成为主流文化的一部分”。
单选题 To African Americans, hair is a significant indicator of ______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】推断题。文章中最后一段强调每个民族都有其独特的发型发式特征,每个民族对美都有其独到的见解。所以对于美国非裔来讲,头发是展现他们文化特征(cultural identity)的重要因素。