单选题
The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that
separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth
to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in
later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that
children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of
the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there
are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly,
anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and
parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional
societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father
and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone—far from it. Secondly,
common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents,
caretakers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind
have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be
certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there
have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they
have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect
on children's development, but tests that have had to be used to measure this
development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.
But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day car has delayed
effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness
or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.
Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects
difficult to deal with. Children fewer than three are likely to protest at
leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a
half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is
undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of childcare at this time. The
matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence
indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.
单选题
Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?
A. Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect
of day care for children at the age of three or older.
B. Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in
children.
C. The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later
development of personality.
D. Children fewer than three get used to the life at nursery schools more
readily than children over three.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 文章第一句话指出：“The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive 'attachment' period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.”即Bowlby认为孩子从出生到三岁这一阶段父母离开孩子会对孩子的后期性格发展有影响。只有C符合此意。
单选题
Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby's work?
A. Mothers should not send their children to day care centers until they are
three years or older.
B. Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child's development.
C. A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have
emotional problems in later life.
D. Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on
a child's personality.
单选题
It is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies
in that______.
A. the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in modern
societies
B. a child more often grows up with his/her brothers or sisters in
traditional societies
C. mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional
societies
D. children are more likely to develop mental illness in modern societies in
later years
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 从文章第二段第一句“anthropologists points out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies”可知，现代社会父母之间的关系与传统社会明显不同。因此，选项A是正确答案。
单选题
Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlby's
theory?
A. Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children's
development.
B. Day care is safe, otherwise there wouldn't be so many nursery
schools.
C. Separation from parents for very young children is common in some
traditional societies.
D. Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal
with.