When it was established,the National Health service (NHS)was visionary:offering high-quality,timely care to meet the dominant needs of the population it served/Nearly 75 years on;with the UK facing very different health challenges,it is clear that model is out of date.
From life expectancy to cancer and infant mortality rates,we are lagging behind many of our peers/With more than 6.8 million on waitlists, healthcare is becoming increasingly inaccessible for those who can not opt to pay for private treatment;and the cost of providing healthcare is increasingly squeezed out investment in other public services/As demand for healthcare continues to grow,pressures on the workforce-which is already near breaking point-will only become more acute.
Many of the answers to the crisis in health and care are well rehearsed./We need to be much better at reducing and diverting demand on health services,rather than simply managing it./Much more needs to be invested in communities and primary care to reduce our reliance on hospital's/And capacity in social care needs to be greater,to support the growing number of people living with long-term conditions.
According to the first two paragraphs, the NHS _____.
该题为细节题，问“根 据前两段可知，（英国）国⺠医疗服务体系_____”。⽂章第⼀段提到，NHS 成⽴之初的愿景是提供⾼质量、及时的医疗服务，以满⾜其所服务⼈群的 主要需求，但如今这⼀模式已过时。第⼆段提到，超过 680 万⼈正在等待 就医，对于那些⽆法选择⾃费接受私⽴治疗的⼈来说，医疗服务正变得越 来越难以获取，医疗服务的成本也越来越⾼。由此可知，NHS 的愿景很美 好，但现在这个体系⼏乎不能满⾜⼈们的需求了。
One answer to the crisis in health and care is to _____.
该题为细节题，问“对 于医疗保健领域的危机，⼀个应对⽅案是_____”。第四段提到，对于医疗 保健领域的危机，许多应对之策都已⽿熟能详。我们需要更有效地减少和 分散对医疗服务的需求，⽽不仅仅是管理需求。我们还需加⼤对社区和初 级医疗服务的投⼊，以减少对医院的依赖（Much more needs to be invested in communities and primary care to reduce our reliance on hospitals）。由此可知， 对于医疗保健领域的危机，⼀个应对⽅案是加⼤对初级医疗服务的资源投⼊。
“Reimagining health” is aimed to _____.
该题为细节题，问“‘重新 构想健康’这个计划的⽬的是_____”。⽂中提到，改⾰组织正在启动⼀项名 为“重新构想健康”的新⼯作计划，该计划得到了来⾃三个主要政党的⼗位 前卫⽣⼤⾂的⽀持。我们共同呼吁就英国健康的未来展开更加开放和坦诚 的对话，并对我们仍然保留的以医院为中⼼的模式进⾏“紧急反思”。由此 可知，这个计划⽬的是改⾰⽬前以医院为中⼼的模式，即重构医疗体系。 这呼应了上⽂提到的“把更多资源给到社区等初级医疗服务机构”。
To maximise the nation's health, the author suggests _____.
该题为观点题， 问“为了最⼤限度地提⾼国⺠的健康⽔平，作者建议_____”。⽂中提到，重 新构想健康必须从如何最⼤限度地提⾼国⺠健康⽔平的问题开始，⽽不是 仅仅“修复”英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）。例如，据估计，医疗保健在 健康结果中只占约 20%的⽐重。更重要的是我们居住、⼯作和社交的地⽅ ——然⽽，政府并没有明确的跨部⻔战略来改善这些影响健康的社会决定因素。因此，作者的建议重视⼀些影响健康的社会因素。
It can be inferred that local leaders should __________.
该题为推断题， 问“可以推断，地⽅领导应该_____”。⽂中提到，改⾰想要探讨的是，在我 们的医疗体系中，权⼒和资源应该如何分配。哪些健康职能应该保留在中 央层⾯，哪些应该下放给通常负责创造健康服务且更了解当地⺠众需求的 地⽅领导者？由此可以推断，改⾰的⽅向是把某些职能下放给地⽅领导， 即让地⽅领导在医疗体系中发挥更⼤的作⽤。