多选题 Questions 18-20 are based on the following passage.
The Quechua world is submerged, so to
speak, in a cosmic magma that weighs heav-
ily upon it. It possesses the rare quality of
Line being as it were interjected into the midst of
(5) antagonistic forces, which in turn implies a
whole body of social and aesthetic structures
whose innermost meaning must be the
administration of energy. This gives rise to
the social organism known as the ayllu, the
(10) agrarian community that regulates the pro-
curement of food. The ayllu formed the basic
structure of the whole Inca empire.
The central idea of this organization was a
kind of closed economy, just the opposite of
(15) our economic practices, which can be
described as open. The closed economy
rested on the fact that the Inca controlled
both the production and consumption of
food. When one adds to this fact the reli-
(20) gious ideas noted in the Quechua texts cited
by the chronicler Santa Cruz Pachacuti, one
comes to the conclusion that in the Andean
zone the margin of life was minimal and
was made possible only by the system of
(25) magic the Quechua constructed through
his religion.
Adversities, moreover, were numerous,
for the harvest might fail at any time and
bring starvation to millions. Hence the
(30) whole purpose of the Quechua administra-
tive and ideological system was to carry on
the arduous task of achieving abundance and
staving off shortages. This kind of structure
presupposes a state of unremitting anxiety,
(35) which could not be resolved by action. The
Quechua could not do so because his pri-
mordial response to problems was the use of
magic, that is, recourse to the unconscious
for the solution of external problems. Thus
(40) the struggle against the world was a struggle
against the dark depths of the Quechua's
own psyche, where the solution was found.
By overcoming the unconscious, the outer
world was also vanquished.
(45) These considerations permit us to classify
Quechua culture as absolutely static or, more
accurately, as the expression of a mere state
of being. Only in this way can we under-
stand the refuge that it took in the germina-
(50) tive center of the cosmic mandala as revealed
by Quechua art. The Quechua empire was
nothing more than a mandala, for it was
divided into four zones, with Cuzco in the
center. Here the Quechua ensconced himself
(55) to contemplate the decline of the world as
though it were caused by an alien and
autonomous force.

单选题 The term "mandala" as used in the last paragraph most likely means

A. an agrarian community
B. a kind of superstition
C. a closed economic pattern
D. a philosophy or way of regarding the world
E. a figure composed of four divisions

单选题 The author implies that the Quechua world was

A. uncivilized
B. highly introspective
C. vitally energetic
D. free of major worries
E. well organized

单选题 With which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?

A. Only psychological solutions can remedy economic ills.
B. The Quechua were renowned for equanimity and unconcern.
C. The Quechua limited themselves to realizable goals.
D. Much of Quechua existence was harsh and frustrating.
E. Modern Western society should adopt some Quechua economic ideas.