单选题 Man is a gregarious creature. Companionship plays an important role in human development at all stages in life. The hours that a child plays in company with his peers expand his life space, help him to develop his physical skills, and provide him with experience in getting along with others. Contact with peers becomes the primary means for the adolescent to achieve independence from parents and the attainment of status as an individual in his own right. Finding a congenial social group is one of the major development tasks of adulthood. In the later years of life, the loss of the loved ones through death, the preoccupation of sons and daughters with their own adult problems, the decline of physical powers, and the loss of occupation all serve to make the search for companionship of lifelong importance in the satisfaction of fundamental psychological needs. As long as one lives, adjustment will be conditioned by the capacity for, and skill in the conduct of companionship. It is necessary that you practice effective means for getting along with your peers so that negative attitude will not be aroused in others. The capacity for establishing effective relationships with others results from social contacts, not primarily from what one learns out of books. You need to preserve friendships. In college this means the participation in at least one club or organization and in at least some extracurricular campus activities. This participation will aid you in improving your social skills and will provide you with desirable companionship. In seeking satisfaction from companionship, you also need to cultivate a deep friendship with several special persons with whom you can share your triumphs and disappointment. It is a psychological fact that telling your troubles to another person affords release from psychological tensions, provides feedback so as to give you a truer and more valid perspective of your problems, and aids you in more realistically resolving your problems. True, special friends will overlook your shortcomings and at the same time assist you in evaluating and overcoming your difficulties. The benefits of such special companionship cannot be all one-sided or there would be no friendships. Your special friends have the right to expect and receive these same satisfactions from you. This being so, you are contributing to their mental health at the same time that they are contributing to yours. Thus, from such close companionship you receive the double benefit of feeling that you are worthy and have personal significance and that your need to help others is being met. Social competence fosters economic and occupational efficiency because our work is surrounded and conditioned by the existence of others. You will recall that the chief reason for job failure is not lack of knowledge of how to do the job but inability to get along well with others.
单选题 The passage is concerned mainly with______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】解析:本文通篇都在讲companionship,所以可以看出本篇主题就是围绕着companionship在人生发展过程中的重要性来的,所以选A。其他各项都是关于各段落的大意,比如B项就是第四段的大意;C和D则是在概括第五段,都不符合题意,故选A。
单选题 Which of the following is not true?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】解析:在第五段第四句“The benefits of such special companionship cannot be all one—sided or therewould be no friendships.”说的就是真正的友谊不应该是单向的,而是双向的;其他各项都对:友谊可以帮助青年人塑造品格,可以帮成年人成就事业,C项也可以从第四段第一句中看出来“The capacityfor establishing effective relationships with others results from social contacts,not primarily from what onelearns out of books.”说的是书本不起主要作用,但是也是起作用的,答案为D。
单选题 According to the author, companionship can enrich personal satisfactions by all the following EXCEPT______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】解析:本题可以使用排除法。第五段第二句It is a psychological fact that telling your troubles to anotherperson affords release from psychological tensions,可见友谊可以帮助你宣泄感情;第五段最后一句Thus,from such close companionship you receive the double benefit of feeling that you are worthy and havepersonal significance and that your need to help others is being met.可以看出,companionship可以让人们为朋友付出,并且能够在此过程中体会到自身的重要性,因此B和C都正确。故答案为D。
单选题 Which of the following would be suitable title for the passage?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】解析:这道题目基本等同于第一题,都是主旨题。既然已经知道了本文主要讲的是companionship,那么题目也就显而易见应该是B了。A范围太广,C主要是关于第五段的内容,并不能用来概括全篇;D项,全文并没有过多涉及个人满足这个话题,因此也不能用作本文的题目,因此答案为B。