【正确答案】正确答案：Linguistics and philosophy have extremely close relations. There is shade of the philosophy in the development of linguistics. As the two great theories of Western epistemology, rationalism and empiricism follow the whole linguistics all the time. They have run through the whole linguistics history in different forms. The struggle and compromise between them have reflected the development of western linguistics.(1 point) Generally speaking, rationalism refers to the process of using logical reasoning and deduction to draw a conclusion about something. It involves the use and application of reason to derive knowledge. We can ascertain truth by thinking and by the process of reflection alone.(1 point) On the other hand, empiricism emphasizes evidence, especially those discovered in experiments. It is a fundamental part of the scientific method, which believes that all hypotheses and theories must be tested against observations of the natural world, instead of resting solely on reasoning, intuition, or revelation.(1point) Noam Chomsky follows rationalism in philosophy, while structural linguistics follows empiricism in philosophy. In my opinion, though they do research in language and linguistics from different angles, they all contribute a lot to the development of linguistics. Furthermore, the further development of linguistics needs the combination of rationalism and empiricism.(2 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查经验主义和理性主义。语言学与哲学有着极为密切的关系，语言学的发展中始终伴有哲学思想的影子。经验主义和理性主义作为西方哲学认识论中的两大理论阵营伴随着语言学的发展过程，以不同的形式贯穿了整个语言学史。它们之间的斗争和妥协反映了西方语言学研究发展的一个侧面。乔姆斯基追随哲学上的理性主义，而结构主义语言学在哲学上追随的是经验主义。