单选题 For many of us, being successful means living a healthy, long life, content with friends and family. For others, it means doing what we love. What does success mean to you? What would you have to be doing to feel that you are a successful person?
There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.
For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one's goals at too low a level of achievement.
A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: "You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park, or riding the subway downtown," the counselor added, "You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given your best effort./

单选题 In the second paragraph, the author implies that the two essential elements in achieving success are ______.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】推理题。由文章第二段最后一句“Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.”可知，由于我们每个人通过遗传获得的能力不同，有利于发挥这些能力的环境也不同，我们的确必须从广义的角度给成功下定义，也就是说，影响我们是否成功的两个要件是能力和环境。因此应选择[D]选项。

单选题 The word "frugal" (Line 3, Para. 3 ) is closest in meaning to ______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】词义判断题。文章第三段对两种人的成功理念进行比较，第一类的例子是牧羊人，他们过着frugal的生活，而另一类人物质生活富足rich in material possession，对比之下，我们可推断出，frugal与rich在某种程度上表达相反含义，[A]economical(节俭的)符合要求，因此应选择[A]选项。[D]选项迷惑性较强，由文章中牧羊人和家人生活在美丽的大自然中(with his family in the beauty of nature)，我们可能片面地推断出，frugal意指”cheerful”。

单选题 Why do some wealthy people consider themselves unsuccessful?

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】推理题。由文章中第三段“On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success.”可知，有些人虽然很富有，但按照自己的成功标准来衡量仍觉得自己不成功，也就是说，他们觉得不成功是因为没有达到自己制定的目标，他们的物质财富仍未达到自己设定的标准，因此应选择[C]选项。

单选题 From the counselor's words, we can infer that ______.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】推理题。由文章最后一段那位顾问所说“You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for Success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given your best effort.”可知，那位顾问认为如果我们没有尽全力做自己真正喜欢做的事情，我们就没有真正失败，也不会失去成功的机会，换句话说，成功指的是我们尽全力去做自己喜欢做的事，因此正确答案为[C]。