【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[听力原文] Moderator: Hello, Ladies and Gentleman. I am very pleased to introduce our keynote speaker today, Dr. David Henry. Dr. Henry, the lead researcher from Birmingham University, has published a great many essays and works concerning the functions of the brain. Dr. Henry, please! Dr. Henry: Thank you for the introduction. Today, I'd like to talk about a discovery about our brain, that is, remembering makes us forget. Members of my research team watched the volunteers remember one memory which in turn caused them to forget another. In the experiments we were interested in how the brain creates forgetting. And the challenge was that it's been quite hard to study forgetting because you can't really tell. So what you need to find is something in the brain that tells us what exactly a subject or participant is remembering at a given moment. So we developed a method that actually allowed us to track individual memories in the brain. We could directly watch the brain while it forgets. And that was quite exciting for us. In our experiment, we used images which are all like famous people's faces or well-known places around the world or everyday objects, because they are quite well-known to our subjects already. So they are easier to remember in the first place. But also and probably more importantly we found that these pictures elicit quite a distinct signature in the brain. So we can actually tell just based on a participant's brain activity. You may ask what we have found when we looked at those signatures. Well, they told us when there were words that triggered a memory of two pictures at the same time, the more often we asked participants to only remember one of these pictures, the more we saw the brain picture of that or the brain pattern representing that picture coming up in the brain, but also the more the competing or irrelevant pictures were suppressed by the brain. And that suppression ultimately led people to forget those memories at a later point. So the basic phenomenon which always surprises people that namely that remembering causes forgetting has been known for quite a while. And it's been published in the 1990s. But the new thing about our study is really that we can actually watch the mechanism behind it. So we can watch the brain while it suppresses memories that it doesn't need any more. What does the introduction say about Dr. David Henry's essays and works? 四项均以they开头，且均为一般现在时的描述性句子。本题考查的内容应该是关于主语they的相关情况，听录音时应首先弄清they的指代对象，进而将重点放四项的关键信息上(habits affect our behaviour，issues facing office workers，functions of the brain，how memories are developed)。 讲座开头部分提到亨利博士是伯明翰大学的首席研究员，出版过众多有关大脑机能的论文和著作，因此可以得出C项为正确答案。A、B两项文中未提及，故排除。讲座内容虽然与记忆有关，但并未提到亨利博士的论文和著作揭示了记忆是如何产生的，故D项应排除。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[听力原文] What was the function of the method the researchers developed? 四项均以it开头，且均为一般过去时的描述性句子。本题考查的内容应该是关于主语it的相关情况，听录音时应首先听清it的指代对象，进而将重点放四项的关键信息上(track participants' memories，provided exciting images，stimulated volunteers' memories，caused subjects to forget their memories)。 讲座中先提到了研究中遇到的挑战，接着提到，研究者设计了一种方法，让他们能真正追踪个人的大脑记忆。由此可知，该方法使研究人员能够追踪实验参与者的记忆，故A项为正确答案。其他三项均与讲座内容不符。

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[听力原文] Why did researchers use images of familiar things in the experiment? 四项均以because开头，推断题目问的是某事的原因。要特别注意因果关系处。听音时着重先弄清they的指代对象，进而将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上(bring a special feeling，produce a desirable experimental result，stimulate participant?蒺s bold imagination，evoke sweet memories)。 讲座中提到，在实验中，研究者使用了类似名人头像、世界名胜或者日常用品的图片。接着解释了这样做的原因：首先，因为这些东西对实验对象来说已经非常熟悉，因此它们更容易被记住；其次，更重要的是这些图片能够在大脑的特定部分激发出明显的信号，因此只需通过参与者的大脑活动即可做出判断。结合四个选项，可知B项准确地概括了文意，故答案为B。其他三项文中均未提及，应排除。

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[听力原文] What can we learn from the research conducted by Dr. Henry's team? 四项均为陈述性语句，且为一般现在时，四个选项相对独立。本题应该是对文章细节的考查。听音时应注意对细节信息的提取，并将重点放在四项的关键信息上(words trigger a memory better，occurred in an instant，brain activity is suppressed，watch how the brain suppressed memories)。 讲座的结尾部分提到，该项研究的新颖之处在于能够真切地观察到这种现象背后的机制，研究者们可以观察到大脑抑制它不需要的记忆的过程。可知答案为D。讲座中并未对言语和图片进行比较，故排除A项。讲座中提到，这种抑制最终使人们在后来逐渐淡忘那些记忆，可知遗忘并非瞬间发生的，故排除B项。当一些言语让参与者同时想到两幅图片时，研究者越提醒参与者只记住其中的一幅，就越容易看到这幅图片的脑象图或者代表这幅图的大脑模式，而其他参与竞争或不相关的图片则受到大脑的抑制，由此可以推知是在研究人员发出言语指令后，部分区域才受到大脑抑制，C项不符合文意，也应排除。