【正确答案】正确答案：Noam Chomsky"s competence refers to grammatical knowledge of the ideal language user and has nothing to do with the actual use of language in concrete situations. Although Chomsky"s "rule-governed creativity" aptly describes a child"s mushrooming grammar at the age of 3 or 4, it doesn"t, according to Hymes, account sufficiently for the social and functional rules of language.(5 points) Hymes" communicative competence, then, is that aspect of competence that enables the speakers to convey and interpret messages and to negotiate meanings interpersonally within specific contexts. Communicative competence is relative, not absolute, and depends on the cooperation of all the participants involved. Communicative competence includes not only the ability to form correct sentences but to use them at appropriate times. The basic idea of communicative competence is the ability to use language appropriately, both receptively and productively, in real situations.(6 points) Communicative competence can be defined, in terms of three components. The first is grammatical competence, which involves the accurate use of words and structures. The second is sociolinguistic competence, which enables the learner to know to speak properly according to the social context. The third is called strategic competence, the ability to overcome potential communication problems in interaction.(4 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查语言能力和交际能力的区别。能力这个概念最初是由乔姆斯基提出的。它指的是理想的语言使用者所具有的语法知识，与具体环境中语言的实际使用没有任何关系。交际能力则是由D．H．Hymes提出的，有四个方面的内容：可能性、可行性、得体性、语言应用。Hymes认为，学习者不仅要知道句子在语法上是合格的，而且要知道句子的含义是得体的。交际能力强调话语发生的语境。