【正确答案】正确答案：Affective factors relate to the learner"s emotional state and attitude toward the target language.(1 point)They may include language anxiety, learning motivation, self-esteem, confidence and inhibition, which may interfere with the process of acquiring a second language.(4 points) Anxiety is thought to be the most important negative affective factor affecting foreign language acquisition. It is associated with negative feelings, such as uneasiness, frustration, self-doubt and tension. Anxiety may be a kind of temporary psychological state, and also a kind of psychological character that can last for a long time.(3 points) Motivation is commonly thought of as an inner drive, impulse, emotion, or desire that moves one to a particular action. Gardner defines motivation to learn a second language as "the extent to which the individual works or strives to learn the language because of a desire to do so and the satisfaction experienced in this activity". It is considered as a key to successful learning.(3 points) Self-esteem is defined as " a person"s judgment of worthiness that is expressed in attitudes that the individual holds towards himself, and indicates the extent to which the individual believes in himself to be capable, significant and worthy". Learner"s self-esteem can be an important aspect in understanding how they deal with language learning task.(3 points) Confidence, also called as self-confidence, is a kind of optimistic emotion that language learners firmly believe they can overcome troubles to gain success. Confidence is to be a kind of active affective factor. As for foreign language learners, confidence often plays a decisive role in foreign language learning and if you want to succeed, you should possess the major quality—confidence.(3 points) Inhibition refers to the building of defenses to our egos. Inhibition develops when small children gradually learn to identify a self that is distinct from others and their affective trait begins to form. Foreign language learners with higher self-esteem and ego strength are more able to withstand threats to their existence, and consequently their defenses are lower. In the process of languages learning, we have to be able to " gamble" a bit, to be willing to try out hunches about the language and to take a reasonable risk of being wrong.(3 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查对情感因素的理解以及情感因素对于语言习得的正面及负面影响。情感因素，如语言焦虑、学习动机、自尊心、自信心和抑制等，直接影响到学习者的学习行为和学习效果。积极的情感因素有利于激发外语学习者学习语言的兴趣和动力，发挥其学习潜能，克服语言焦虑和心理抑制，对语言学习产生积极作用。如果不能发挥积极影响，则会在语言学习中产生消极影响。