单选题
Ideas about 'spoiling' children have always involved consideration of just what is a spoiled child, how does spoiling occur, and what are the consequences of spoiling; they have always included 32 of a child's nature, the ideal child and the ideal adult. The many mothers of 1820 who belonged to the early 'maternal (母亲的) associations' struggled to 33 the ideas about child raising that had been 34 in the 18th century. They had always been told that the spoiled child stood in danger of having trouble later in life (when exposed to all the 35 of the word) and, more importantly, stood in danger of 36 rain. The approach these mothers knew was to 'break the will' of the child. This approach, coming 37 from the theology (神学) of Calvin, the French protestant reformer, was 38 from the stem outlook of the Puritans. As one mother wrote, 'No child has even been known, since the earliest period of the world, destitute (缺乏的) of an evil disposition however sweet it appears. 'Infant depravity (坠落), by which meant the child's 39 , could be curbed only by breaking the will so that the child 40 implicitly to parental guidance. By freeing the child from its evil nature, parents believed they could then guide the child into acquiring the right character traits, such as honesty, industriousness, and society. These moral 41 , fixed in the child's character, were to govern it throughout life, in a society where free enterprise, individual effort, and competition were believed to be the ruling forces. A. spiritual B. impulses C. eventually D. principles E. denounce F. prevalent G. temptations H. initially I. concepts J. segregated K. uphold M. submitted N. descriptions O. inherited
问答题
【正确答案】I
【答案解析】语法判断：分析句子主干可知，该空前是主语they(代指ideas about spoiling children)，谓语是included，因此这里缺少一个宾语，介词短语of a child's nature，the ideal child and the ideal adult修饰宾语。 语义判断：备选的名词有impulses、principles、temptations、concepts和descriptions五项。impulses意为“冲动；脉冲”，principles意为“原则”，temptations意为“诱惑”，concepts意为“观念，概念”，descriptions意为“描述”。结合语境，此处是指“关于……的观念”，只有concepts(观念)符合这里的表达，故选I。
问答题
【正确答案】K
【答案解析】语法判断：分析句子结构可知，该空所在句的主语是mothers，宾语是ideas，谓语是struggled to ______ ，因此可以判断这里需要填一个动词原形。 语义判断：符合上述语法条件的选项有两个：denounce意为“公开指责；正式指控”，uphold意为“坚持；维护”。结合下文的ideas可知，只有uphold(维护)符合此处文意，故选K。
【答案解析】语法判断：分析句子结构可知，该空所在句子是一个由by which引导的非限制性定语从句，该从句的主语就是前面的先行词depravity，谓语是meant，空格前the child's是定语，因此可以断定这里缺少一个名词。 语义判断：结合第1小题和4小题的“语义判断”，剩下的名词有impulses、principles和descriptions三项。根据此处语境depravity(堕落)和curbed only by breaking the will(通过打破他们的意愿才能被约束)可知，只有impulses(冲动)是正确答案。
问答题
【正确答案】M
【答案解析】语法判断：分析句子结构可知，本句所在的部分是一个由so that引导的结果状语从句，该从句的主语是the child，宾语是parental guidance，结合上文时态，可判断此处应填入一个过去时态的谓语动词，该动词与后面的介词to构成搭配。 语义判断：符合上述语法条件的选项中，只有submitted(被迫顺从)符合句意，submit to sb. /sth. 为常用搭配(顺从某人，事)，此处是指“服从父母的指导”，故选M。