阅读理解

Do you give your children money when they perform well at school?

According to a study, such an action could be _B1_ to their development, and cause them to be more materialistic as adults. The study suggests that those who were rewarded and spoiled were more likely to think possessions define who they are. “Using material possessions to express love or reward children for their _B2_ can have bad effect,” wrote the authors of the study. “It can _B3_ materialism in them.”

The authors surveyed 701 adults to measure the long term _B4_ of material parenting. They were asked to describe their current life situation and values, and also reported on a _B5_ of childhood circumstances, their relationship with their parents, and the rewards and punishments they received.

Results showed adults who had received more material rewards and punishments as children were more likely than others to use possessions to define who they are. And they were likely to continue rewarding themselves with material _B6_.

Parents should, therefore, be cautious about using material possessions to express their love and reward their children for good behavior, _B7_ the authors. They say _B8_ emphasis on material possessions during childhood can have significant effects. It can _B9_ “the way for their children to grow up to be more likely than others to _B10_ people with expensive possessions and judge success by the kinds of things people own.” the authors conclude.

Passage

[A]achievements. [B]admire [C]blame [D]careful

[E]develop [F]excessive [G]goods [H]harmful

[I]impact [J]level [K]motivate [L]pave [M]responsibilities

[N]variety [O]warn