单选题 Although "naming rights" have proliferated in American higher education for the past several decades, the phenomenon has recently expanded to extraordinary lengths. Anything to get an extra dollar out of donors is fair game. I know colleges and universities sorely need to raise funds in these times of fiscal constraints, but things have gotten a bit out of hand.
Universities and colleges have long been named after donors—think of Harvard, Yale, Brown, and many others. John Harvard would hardly get a bench named after him today, given the modesty of his gift of books for the library back in the seventeenth century. Now it takes much more to get one's name on a college. One institution, Rowan University of New Jersey, changed its name (from Glassboro State College) not long ago when a large donation was made. Buildings, too, have been affected. Traditionally, they were named after people such as distinguished scholars or visionary academic leaders; now they're often named after big donors.
Why is all of this happening now? The main motivation for the naming frenzy is, of course, to raise money. Donors love to see their names, or the names of their parents or other relatives, on buildings, schools, institutions, professorships, and the like. Increasingly, corporations and other businesses also seek to benefit from having their names on educational facilities. Today, no limits seem to exist on what can be named. If something does not have a name, it is up for grabs—a staircase, a pond, or a parking garage. Once all the major facilities have titles, lesser things go on the naming auction block. Colleges and universities, public and private, are all under increased pressure to raise money, and naming brings in cash.
It is unproductive. Separate branding weakens the focus and mission of an institution and perhaps even its broader reputation. It confuses the public, including potential students, and feeds the idea that the twenty-first-century university is simply a confederation of independent entrepreneurial domains.
The trends we see now in the United States, and perhaps tomorrow in other countries, will inevitably weaken the concept of the university as an institution that is devoted to the search for truth and the transmission of knowledge. All this naming distracts from the mission of an institution that has almost a millennium of history and cheapens its image. It is a sad symbol indeed of the commercialization and entrepreneurialism of the contemporary university.

单选题 From the 2nd paragraph, we can learn that John Harvard ______.
A. got a university named after him due to his donated books
B. would only get a bench named after him today
C. was the first donor for higher education in 17th century
D. was the founder of Harvard University

单选题 In the past, the buildings in universities were named after ______.
A. political leaders B. wealthy alumni
C. outstanding scholars D. famous donors

单选题 The main purpose for corporations to donate money to universities is ______.
A. to raise more money B. to get benefit and reputation
C. to train skillful students for them D. to improve educational facilities

单选题 In the 4th paragraph, the word "unproductive" probably means ______.
A. naming cannot bring benefits to the donating businesses
B. separate naming yields a broader reputation for a university
C. out-of-hand naming weakens the goal of higher education
D. naming cannot raise enough money for a university's development

单选题 According to the author, a university should be a place ______.
A. devoted to the search for truth
B. commercialized by naming trends
C. attracting potential students
D. focusing on scientific research only