单选题 Harvard University plans to spend at least $ 50 million over the next decade to create a more diverse academic community in all disciplines, including throughout the sciences. President Lawrence Summers announced the outlay this week after receiving two reports commissioned in February following his comments about the ability of women to do science, which triggered a national debate.
The initiative will tackle all aspects of gender and minority issues, from the safety of women working late at night at research labs to the need for a high-level advocate within the Harvard administration. Such a comprehensive strategy is essential, say the chairs of the two task forces that reported to Summers. "Women need to see careers in science as desirable and realistic life choices," says Barbara Grosz, a computer scientist who led one of the task forces that focused on science and engineering. A second task force, led by science historian Evelynn Hammonds, examined challenges facing all women faculty.
Outside researchers are impressed with the breadth of the recommendations." This is very encouraging," says Donna Nelson, a chemist at the University of Oklahoma, Norman, who tracks the status of women and minority academic scientists. "If they can implement this, they can take a leadership role."
Harvard has long been criticized by its lack of diversity of science faculty in several disciplines, a situation made worse by Harvard's decentralized structure and its policy not to grant tenure to junior faculty, task force members said. Last year, for example, 4 women and 28 men in the school of arts and sciences received tenure offers. But the long-simmering issue did not come to a head until Summers's comments at a January workshop on women in science became public. The resulting outcry triggered a faculty vote of no confidence in Summers, who apologized repeatedly.
Hammonds's committee called for a senior provost for diversity and faculty development to work with Harvard deans to promote gender and ethnic equity. Harvard Provost Steven Hyman hopes to name that person-who likely would come from within Harvard—by September. The panel also proposed two funds, one to provide partial salary support for hiring scholars who increase diversity, the second to fund their labs. It said Harvard should begin to gather systematic data on faculty hiring, retention, and other measures and make the academic culture more family-friendly, through enhanced maternity leave practices, child-care support, and adjustments to the tenure clock. Grosz's panel urged the university to set up summer research programs for undergraduates, expand mentoring for all students, and provide research money for faculty {{U}}juggling{{/U}}family and career.
Funding will not be a problem, Summers assured reporters, referring to the likelihood of "more resources allotted down the road." The biggest challenge Harvard faces, he said, is to overcome "issues of culture" within a university created "by men for men." Harvard is accepting comments on the report through the end of June, and academics around the country will be watching closely to see how well Harvard succeeds in transforming that culture.

单选题 What measure will probably be taken in the Harvard initiative?

A. Renovating the old buildings in Harvard.
B. Pressing for an enhance in Harvard's administration.
C. Providing better working conditions for women faculty.
D. Offering more social and financial aid for overseas students.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 事实细节根据题干中的initiative可定位在第二段。根据第二段第一句The initiative will tackle all aspects of gender and minority issues, ...可以确定，该举措主要是针对女性和少数民族问题，C项“为女教师提供更好的工作条件”符合题干“可能采取的措施”，故正确。此题属于事实细节类的题目，需要根据题干在原文中进行定位。根据initiative可以定位至第二段，分析该段第一句发现这项措施针对女性和少数民族问题，与C项符合。文章没有谈到A、D项的内容；B项中提到的an enhance in Harvard's administration，与文章中的“the need for a high-level advocate within the Harvard administration哈佛大学管理对高层宣传人员的需求”不符，故排除。

单选题 From the fourth paragraph we can infer that ______.

A. it is rather difficult for young teachers to seek employment in Harvard.
B. there are many kinds of courses offered in Harvard's science disciplines.
C. teachers are dissatisfied with Harvard's policies only recently.
D. Summers has been enjoying a high devotion of the faculty.

单选题 The word "juggling" (Line 8, Para.5) most probably means ______.

A. joking.
B. balancing.
C. struggling.
D. fighting.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 词义句义推测根据题干从第五段找到juggling出现的上下文语境。根据上下文谈到的Grosz座谈小组敦促校方实施一系列的改进措施，其中包括为教师们提供研究资金来使其能够……，根据下文出现的family and career可以推测，是把这两者同时兼顾，也就是B项内容。此题是典型的考查对词义的推测性理解，首先在原文中找到该词，然后在该词所在的句子语境中来理解这句话。Grosz's panel urged the university to set up summer research programs for undergraduates, expand mentoring for all students, and provide research money for faculty juggling family and career.……敦促学校实施改进措施，其中包括为教师们提供研究资金来使其能够______家庭和事业，故B项符合。 A、B和D选项都与family and career语义无法衔接，故都排除。

单选题 According to Summers, the biggest challenge that Harvard faces is that ______.

A. it is difficult to revise some people's opinion in male-dominated Harvard.
B. resources are scanty for allocation in the future.
C. there is not enough money available for the project.
D. cultural differences may cause many social issues in the university.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 事实细节根据题干定位至最后一段。文中直接给出萨默斯所谈到的最大的挑战是...to overcome “issues of culture” within a university created “by men for men.”最大挑战就是“克服由男性所创造并主宰的校园文化”，即A项。对于事实细节类的题目，第一步要根据题干信息在文章中进行定位。根据the biggest challenge定位至最后一段，分析最后一段第二句话发现关键就是对to overcome “issues of culture” within a university created “by men for men.”的理解，结合上下文判断与A项符合。最后一段首句Funding will not be a problem，表明资金没有问题，由此排除C项；“more resources allotted down the road．”由此判断资源并不匮乏，排除B项；D项在文中没有提及。