单选题
Will Quality Eat Up the U.S. Lead in Software?

If U.S. software companies don't pay more attention to quality, they could kiss their business goodbye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top U.S. quality specialists whose voices are not listened to in their country.
Already, of the world's 12 software houses that have earned the highest rating in the world, seven are in India. That's largely because they have used new methodologies rejected by American software specialists. For example, for decades, quality specialists, W. Edwards Deming and J.M. Juran had urged U.S. software companies to change their attitudes to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the U.S. —but not in Japan. By the 1970s and 1980s, Japan was grabbing market share with better, cheaper products. They used Deming's and Juran's ideas to bring down the cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total production costs. In U.S. factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50% In software, it still is.
Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance. But his advice was seldom paid attention to. He retired from IBM in 1986. In 1987, he worked out a system for assessing and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and again. For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60% of total software production costs. It fell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10%.
Like Deming and Juran, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home. The Indian government and several companies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute at the Software Technology Park in Chennai, India. Let's hope that U.S. lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problems.
单选题 Which country has more highest-rating companies in the world than any other country has?
  • A.India.
  • B.The U.S.
  • C.Brazil.
  • D.Germany.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 第二段第一句是答案依据。
单选题 Which of the following statements about Humphrey is true?
  • A.He is now still an IBM employer.
  • B.He has worked for IBM for 37 years.
  • C.India honors him highly.
  • D.The U.S. pays much attention to his quality advice.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 文章倒数第一段说到，印度专门建立一个以Humphrey名字命名的软件质量研究所，可见对他的重视，所以选项C是正确的。
单选题 By what means did Japan grab its large market share by the 1970s and the 1980s?
  • A.Its advertising was most successful.
  • B.Its products were cheaper in price and better in quality.
  • C.The U.S. hardware industry was lagging behind.
  • D.Japan hired a lot of Indian software specialists.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 利用年代1970s，1980s作为答案线索词，这样可在第二段倒数第三句找到答案。
单选题 What does the founding of the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute symbolize?
  • A.It symbolizes the U.S. determination to move ahead with its software.
  • B.It symbolizes the Japanese efforts to solve the software quality problem.
  • C.It symbolizes the Indian ambition to take the lead in software.
  • D.It symbolizes the Chinese policy on importing software.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 利用题干中的专有名词Software Quality Institute作为答案线索词，由最后一段第二句可知，与印度有关。
单选题 What is the writer worrying about?
  • A.Many U.S. software specialists are working for Japan.
  • B.The quality problem has become a worldwide problem.
  • C.India and Japan are joining hands to compete with the U.S.
  • D.The U.S. will no longer be the first software player in the world.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 本题与文章的主题相关，借助文章的标题和文章中的最后一句话判断D是答案。