MARY COLTER AND FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
1 In the early twentieth century, the {{U}}thrust{{/U}} in American architecture was toward a style rooted in the American landscape and based on American rather than European forms. Two architects who worked independently yet simultaneously at endorsing an American architecture were Mary CoRer (1869-1958) and Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959). Both developed regional styles that paralleled the regionalism seen in the other visual arts. Colter created a uniquely Southwestern idiom incorporating desert landscapes with Native American arts; Wright and his followers in Chicago developed the Prairie style of domestic architecture that reflected the natural landscape of the Midwest.
2 Mary Colter's hotels and national park buildings are rooted so masterfully in the history of the Southwest that they seem to be genuine pieces of that history. Her magnificent Watchtower, overlooking the Grand Canyon in Arizona, was built to suggest an ancient Native American ruin preserved for the delight of the present-day traveler.
3 CoRer was a lifelong student of art history, natural history, and human civilization. Her well-rounded artistic talents empowered her to work historical references into buildings constructed with modern methods and materials. She preferred to use materials indigenous to the region, such as {{U}}Kaibab limestone{{/U}} and {{U}}yellow pine{{/U}}. {{U}}She took great stock in materials and setting, gathering many of her materials on-site and incorporating them in their natural state into her projects.{{/U}} She treated building and site as integral halves of a single composition and {{U}}merged{{/U}} them seamlessly. Her Lookout Studio, for example, appears to rise straight from the rim of the Grand Canyon because its layering of stonework matches the texture, pattern, and color of the canyon wall below it.
4 When Colter designed the Watchtower, she wanted the building to be a part of its environment while also enhancing the view of the surrounding desert and the canyon and river below. She decided to recreate a Native American watchtower because it would provide the necessary height while assuming the appearance of a prehistoric building. Colter was familiar with the architectural remains of ancient villages scattered about the Southwest and was especially fascinated by the stone towers--round, square, and oval monoliths. The ancient Round Tower at Mesa Verde became the direct inspiration for the form and proportions of the Watchtower. The Twin Towers ruin at Hovenweep, whose stone was closer to that available at the Grand Canyon, was the model for the Watchtower's masonry. The Watchtower is perhaps the best example of Colter's integration of history, architecture, and landscape in a unified work of art.
5 Like Mary CoRer, Frank Lloyd Wright believed that architecture was an extension of the natural environment. Wright was {{U}}appalled{{/U}} by much of what he saw in the industrialized world. He was not fond of cities, and although he designed office buildings and museums, his favorite commissions were for homes, usually in the country. Wright is associated with the Prairie style of residential architecture, whose emphasis on horizontal elements reflected the prairie landscapes of the Midwest. Most Prairie-style homes have one or two stories and are built of brick or timber covered with stucco. The eaves of the low-pitched roof extend well beyond the walls, enhancing the structure's horizontality.
6 Wright's own studio-residence in Wisconsin was completely integrated with the surrounding landscape. He nestled his house in the brow of a hill and gave it the name Taliesin, which means "shining brow" in Welsh. Every element of the design corresponded to the surounding landscape. The yellow stone came from a quarry a mile away, so Taliesin looked like the outcroppings on the local hills. The exterior wood was the color of gray tree trunks. The stucco walls above the stone had the same tawny color as the sandbanks in the fiver below. Wright's most famous house, {{U}}Fallingwater{{/U}}, was built right over a waterfall in Pennsylvania. The house blends harmoniously with its surroundings, yet it departs from the Prairie philosophy of being a completely integrated extension of the natural landscape. Some features of the house are more like those of the simple, unadorned International style, particularly the interlocking geometry of the planes and the flat, textureless surface of the horizontal elements.
单选题
The word {{U}}thrust{{/U}} in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】Thrust means movement in this context. Clues: ... toward a style...; ...endorsing an American architecture...; ...developed regional styles
单选题
According to the passage, both Mary Colter and Frank Lloyd Wright
designed buildings that
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】Clues: Her Lookout Studio...appears to rise straight from the rim of the Grand Canyon...;...she wanted the building to be a part of its environment...; Like Mary Colter, Frank Lloyd Wright believed that architecture was an extension of the natural environment; Wright 'S own studio-residence in Wisconsin was completely integrated with the surrounding landscape.
单选题
The author mentions {{U}}Kaibab limestone{{/U}} and yellow pine in
paragraph 3 as examples of
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】Clues: Colter created a uniquely Southwestern idiom...; She preferred to use materials indigenous to the region, such as Kaibab limestone and yellow pine.
单选题
Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the
highlighted sentence in paragraph 3? Incorrect choices change the meaning in
important ways or leave out essential information.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】She took great stock in materials and setting.., is paraphrased in Colter valued materials and location gathering many of her materials on-site.., is paraphrased in ...many natural materials collected from the building site. ... incorporating them in their natural state into her projects is paraphrased in ...she blended into her works many natural materials
单选题
The word {{U}}merged{{/U}} in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】Merged means joined in this context. Clues: ... integral halves of a single composition... seamlessly; ... Lookout Studio... appears to rise straight from the rim of the Grand Canyon
单选题
What was the main inspiration for Mary Colter's design of the
Watchtower?
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】Clues: She decided to recreate a Native American watchtower...; The ancient Round Tower at Mesa Verde became the direct inspiration for the form and proportions of the Watchtower
单选题
What can be inferred from paragraph 4 about the Watchtower?
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】You can infer that the Watchtower's purpose was to help people appreciate the desert scenery. Clues: Her magnificent Watchtower, overlooking the Grand Canyon in Arizona, was built to suggest an ancient Native American ruin preserved for the delight of the present-day traveler," ... enhancing the view of the surrounding desert and the canyon and river below.
单选题
The word {{U}}appalled{{/U}} in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】Appalled means shocked in this context. Clue: ...by much of what he saw in the industrialized world. He was not fond of cities
单选题
All of the following characterize the Prairie style of architecture
EXCEPT
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】The passage does not state that a direct reference to the region's history characterizes the Prairie style of architecture. All the other answers are given: Every element of the design corresponded to the surrounding landscape; ... the Prairie style of residential architecture, whose emphasis on horizontal elements...; The eaves of the low-pitched roof extend well beyond the walls, enhancing the structure's horizontality.
单选题
The word {{U}}nestled{{/U}} in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】Nestled means set comfortably in this context. Clues: ... integrated with the surrounding landscape; ... in the brow of a hill
单选题
Why does the author mention {{U}}Fallingwater{{/U}} in paragraph 7?
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】The author's purpose is to show that Wright did not work in just one style. Clues: ...yet it departs from the Prairie philosophy...; Some features of the house are more like those of the simple, unadorned International sty/e
填空题
Look at the four squares,
,
, 
,
and
, which indicate where the following
sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best
fit?
Taliesin's rough stone facades and low-slung roofs blurred the distinction between the manmade and the natural.
Wright's own studio-residence in Wisconsin was completely integrated with the surrounding landscape.
He nestled
his house in the brow of a hill and gave it the name Taliesin, which means
"shining brow" in Welsh. 
Every element
of the design corresponded to the surrounding landscape. The yellow stone came
from a quarry a mile away, so Taliesin looked like the outcroppings on the local
hills. 
The exterior wood was the color
of gray tree trunks. 
, , ,
and , which indicate where the following
sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best
fit?Taliesin's rough stone facades and low-slung roofs blurred the distinction between the manmade and the natural.
Wright's own studio-residence in Wisconsin was completely integrated with the surrounding landscape.
He nestled
his house in the brow of a hill and gave it the name Taliesin, which means
"shining brow" in Welsh. Every element
of the design corresponded to the surrounding landscape. The yellow stone came
from a quarry a mile away, so Taliesin looked like the outcroppings on the local
hills. The exterior wood was the color
of gray tree trunks.
多选题
Select the appropriate sentences from the answer choices and match them to the architect to which they refer. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used. This question is worth 3 points.
Answer Choices
A. Others followed the architect in developing a style that would suit the landscape of the prairies.
B. The architect improved the designs of famous architects of the past.
C. The architect developed a style integrating the history and landscape of the American Southwest.
D. The architect preferred designing country residences.
E. Native American culture provided the architect with ideas and inspiration.
F. The architect worked exclusively with modern materials and methods.
G. The architect designed structures that would blend into the desert environment.
【正确答案】
C、E、G
【答案解析】Mary CoRer: Colter created a uniquely Southwestern idiom incorporating desert landscapes with Native American arts...; ... Colter "s integration of history, architecture, and landscape in a unified work of art; She decided to recreate a Native American watchtower...; The ancient Round Tower at Mesa Verde became the direct inspiration...; She treated building and site as integral halves of a single composition and merged them seamlessly. Her Lookout Studio...appears to rise straight from the rim of the Grand Canyon
A, D Frank Lloyd Wright: Wright and his followers in Chicago developed the Prairie style of domestic architecture that reflected the natural landscape of the Midwest; ... his favorite commissions were for homes, usually in the country. Answer (B) is not mentioned; answer (F) is inaccurate for both Mary Colter and Frank Lloyd Wright.