单选题   He has influenced generations of artists but John Baldessari's own celebrity came relatively late. A physically imposing 79-year-old, he seemed slightly uncomfortable at a press conference at the Metropolitan Museum, where a travelling retrospective of his work has just opened for its final stop. Asked to distil his art for the many who have not heard of him, he responded cheerfully that it was not the job of an artist to 'spoon-feed' viewers but to make them feel intelligent.
    For decades Mr Baldessari has made art that challenges convention. Though his work is heavily conceptual, it is not designed to alienate—and is often very funny. In the wake of abstract expressionism, when painting was all, Mr Baldessari was investigating what it meant to make a painting, what the rules were, and how far he could stretch them. In the 1960s he created a series of works that featured mostly text on canvas, painted by sign professionals. One, in black letters on canvas, reads 'PURE BEAUTY'. The words sit there like a taunt (嘲弄), a question, a declaration.
    'I do not believe in screwing the bourgeoisie,' Mr Baldessari explained in an interview. The irony in his work is not designed to reveal what is vacant in art, or what is silly about those who buy it. He just wants people to question what they are looking at. He pokes fun at the art establishment, but he lets viewers in on the joke. Art, he says, supplies 'spiritual nourishment'. Asked if a show at the Met sat uncomfortably with his subversive streak, Mr Baldessari did not miss a beat: 'I would be happy to hang in a broom closet at the Met. It's a huge honour.'
    Mr Baldessari attributes some of his experimentation to having grown up in National City, California, a suburb just north of the Mexican border and well beyond the reach of any art scene. He was culturally isolated, but also free from the pressures of rejection. 'I was trying to find out what was irreducibly art.' His boldest early work was his 'Cremation Project' in 1970, when he ceremonially burned nearly all the paintings he had made between 1953 and 1966. 'I really think it's my best piece to date,' he wrote of it at the time.
    He supported himself by teaching, mainly at the progressive California Institute of the Arts in Valencia. He earned a reputation for being a revolutionary and generous teacher who inspired students to renounce painting and view art as something that happens in the brain. 'Artists are indebted to him,' said Marla Prather, who organised the show at the Met. He taught countless people how to make art from the ordinary stuff of life. Now the man himself is finally getting his due.
单选题     What do we learn about John Baldessari? ______
 
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据题干中的信息词John Baldessari,可以把答案线索定位到第一段。第一段提及,约翰·巴尔代萨里影响了一代又一代的艺术家,但是他自己成名却相对较晚。在大都会博物馆的记者招待会上,年近79岁但依然仪表堂堂的他显得稍微有点不自在,在那里他的巡回作品回顾展刚刚开启了最后一站,由此可知,约翰·巴尔代萨里在公众面前显得有些不自然,故本题选B。 [参考译文] 约翰·巴尔代萨里影响了一代又一代的艺术家,但是他自己成名却相对较晚。在大都会博物馆的记者招待会上,年近79岁但依然仪表堂堂的他显得稍微有点不自在,在那里他的巡回作品回顾展刚刚开启了最后一站。当有记者请他为很多不知道他的观众提炼概括一下他的艺术时,他高兴地回答道,艺术家的工作不是去填鸭式地教育欣赏艺术作品的人,而是要让他们感觉自己很有悟性。 几十年来,巴尔代萨里先生的艺术一直都在挑战传统。尽管他的作品非常概念化,但是他并没有刻意地去异化它们——通常它们都是很有趣的。当所有的画作都在仿效抽象表现主义的时候,巴尔代萨里先生却在研究画画意味着什么,画画的规则是什么,以及他可以多大程度地拓展这些规则。在20世纪60年代,他创作了一系列以画布上的文字为主要特征的作品,这些文字由符号专家们绘制。其中一幅,在画布上用黑色的字母写着“PURE BEAUTY”。这两个单词在画布上的组合排列方式,像是一种嘲弄、一个问句、一种宣言。 “我不认为需要歪曲资产阶级。”巴尔代萨里先生在一次访谈中解释说。他作品中的讽刺并不旨在揭示艺术领域中的空白地带,或者指出那些买画的人有多愚蠢。他只是想让人们对看到的东西提出质疑。他就艺术成就开玩笑,但是他让欣赏艺术作品的人参与到了他的玩笑之中。他说,艺术提供的是“精神食粮”。当被问及去大都会博物馆办展览是否与他颠覆性的性情不相吻合时,巴尔代萨里先生镇定自若地说:“我很高兴在大都会博物馆的杂物间办展览,这是一种莫大的荣幸。” 巴尔代萨里先生把自己实验精神的一部分归功于自己长大的那个地方——加利福尼亚州纳欣诺市的近郊,位于墨西哥边境的北边,那里不受任何艺术氛围的影响。他在文化上是孤立的,但是也没有受到任何排斥的压力。“我过去一直想弄明白艺术归根结底是什么。”他早期最大胆的作品是他在1970年实施的“火化工程”,那次他举行了仪式,把自己创作于1953年至1966年的作品几乎都烧毁了。“我真的觉得这是我至今最好的作品。”他当时写道。 他靠教书维持生活,主要是在位于瓦伦西亚的进步的加州艺术学院任教。他因革新性和慷慨而闻名,他启发学生,让他们摒弃传统绘画观念,把艺术看作是产生在头脑中的一种东西。“艺术家都应该感激他。”这次大都会博物馆展览的组织者玛勒·普拉瑟说道。他教会了无数的人如何用生活中的普通素材去搞艺术。现在他终于实至名归。
单选题     The word 'spoon-feed' (Line 4, Para.1) means ______.
 
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据题干的信息直接找到spoon-feed所在的句子,即第一段的最后一句。第一段的最后一句表达的是巴尔代萨里的艺术观点,由分句中的but一词可知,spoon-feed viewers和make them feel intelligent意思相反,后者表示“让他们感觉自己很有悟性”,因此spoon-feed viewers是要把一些观点强加给观众,这与选项B的表达一致,所以本题应该选B。与选项C的内容最接近的一句话是最后一段的倒数第二句,但是“教会了无数的人如何用生活中的普通素材去搞艺术”和“为人们创作艺术提供素材”是不一样的概念,可排除。选项A和D的内容都不符合逻辑,可迅速排除。
单选题     Which of the following is not the principal feature of Baldessari's work? ______
 
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】根据题干暂时无法将答题线索进行精确定位,只能逐一查看选项。conceptual出现在第二段的第二句话,是直接用来描述他的作品的,所以选项A是巴尔代萨里的作品的特点之一。文中没有直接出现ironic这个词,但是第三段的第二句出现了the irony in his work,可知他的作品具有讽刺意味,所以选项B也是特点之一。isolated出现在倒数第二段的第二句,但是它描述的不是他的作品,而是他早先在家乡时的处境,即“在文化上是孤立的”,所以选项C讲的不是其作品的特点,故本题选C。funny出现在第二段的第二句,也是用来描述其作品的。
单选题     What's the purpose of John Baldessari's using irony in his works? ______
 
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】根据题干中的irony in his works,可以把答题线索定位到第三段的第二句话。第三段的第二句话从反面提到了巴尔代萨里的作品的讽刺性,然后紧接着又从正面介绍了讽刺的目的:“他只是想让人们对看到的东西提出质疑”,这与选项A的表述一致,所以本题选A。选项B很明显不正确,可排除。选项C中提及的funny虽然也是他作品的特点,但它并不和ironic构成因果关系,所以选项C也错误。选项D文中没有提及。
单选题     What does the author say about John Baldessari's job as a teacher? ______
 
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据题干中的信息词job as a teacher,可以把答案线索定位到最后一段。选项A文中没有提及,故排除。文中说:“他启发学生,让他们……把艺术看作是产生在头脑中的一种东西。”由此可知他作为老师时,教导学生把艺术看作是产生在头脑中的一种东西,所以本题选B。他教会了无数人如何用生活中的普通素材去搞艺术,选项C与其含义有偏差,故排除。文中虽出现了renounce painting,但renounce painting是要学生“摒弃传统绘画观念”,而不是give up their own paintings,故排除D。