单选题
The role of governments in environmental management is deficit but inescapable. Sometimes, the state tries to manage the resources it owns, and does so badly. Often,
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, governments act in an even more harmful way. They actually subsidize the exploitation and
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of natural resources. A whole
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of policies, from farm-price support to protection for coal-mining, do environmental damage and often
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no economic sense. Making good policies offers a two-fold
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: a cleaner environmentpolilicians and a more efficient economy. Crowth and environmentalism can actually go hand in hand, if politicians have the courage to
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the vested interest that subsidies create.
No activity affects more of the earth"s surface than farming, h shapes a third of the planet"s land area, not
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Antarctica, and the proportion is rising. World food output per head has risen by 4 percent between the 1970s and 1980s mainly as a result of increases in
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from land already in
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, but also because more land has been brought under the plough. Higher yields have been achieved by increased irrigation, better crop breeding, and a
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in the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the 1970s and 1980s.
All these activities may have
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environmental impacts. For example, land clearing for agrieuhure is the largest single
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of deforestation; chemical fertilizers and pesticides may
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water supplies; more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods
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worsen soil erosion; and the spread of monochord and use of high-yielding varieties of euros have been accompanied by the
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of old varieties of food plants which might have provided some
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against pests or diseases in future. Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States,
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the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate
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to diminish the soil"s productivity. The country subsequently
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a program to convert 11 percent of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is
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much faster than in America.
【答案解析】[解析] 近义词区别
[解题思路] [A]利润，指一笔生意中除去所有的运作费用后所得到的回报；[B]好处，奖金，红包；[C]好处，利益，指促进或增强福利的东西；[D]奖品，指在竞争或在比赛小给予的或力求获得的东西。根据后面的A cleaner environment and a more emcient econolny可知，应该选[B]。
【答案解析】[解析] 近义词区别
[解题思路] [A]理由，指提供理由或为获得谅解而做的解释；[B]正当理由，指为某事辩护的理由；[C]起因，动机，指为某种行为或结果的发生产生作用的人、事情或条件；[D]理由，指促使采取行动的根本条件。根据“land clearing for a griculture”与deforestation之间的关系推断出[C]是对的。
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 词义区别
[解题思路] [A]净化；[B]简化；[C]弄脏，使不干净；[D]污染，指通过接触或混合使不纯净或不洁净。根据前面的chelrmical fertilizers and pestieides推断[D]是正确的。
【答案解析】[解析] 形近词区别
[解题思路] [A]消失；[B]发现；[C]部署；[D]打搅，打破。根据the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops(单一栽培技术的推广以及大量高产作物的引入)与“oldvarieties of food plants”之间的关系可以推断[A]是正确答案。