翻译题 46 The relationship between humans and the land we live on has evolved over hundreds of thousands of years, but no period has involved such rapid change as the past century, when we began using land in new ways. A landmark U.N. report warns that humans now face a moment of reckoning over the way we use the planet's land: either we change our ways, particularly our diets, or risk devoting huge swaths of land to uses that spew far more carbon dioxide than we can afford. 47 The report, authored by more than 100 scientists from 52 countries found that emissions from land use—practices like agriculture and logging—cause nearly a quarter of human-induced greenhouse emissions. Still, land elsewhere on the planet has balanced the effects of those emissions. In the 10 years leading up to 2016, forests, wetlands and other land systems soaked up 11.2 billion metric tons more carbon dioxide per year than they emitted. That's more carbon than the world's coal-fired power plants release in a given year. But 'this additional gift from nature is not going to continue forever,' he says. 48 A series of practices like deforestation, soil degradation and the destruction of land-based ecosystems threaten to halt that trend, driving land to release more carbon dioxide than it absorbs. Adapting our diets can help. 49 Climate advocates are hoping this year's report can inspire a similar wake-up call to last year's, which warned of the extremely serious effects of more than 1.5℃ of warming. As global demand for food has grown, farmers have converted forests into agricultural land, leading to a release of carbon stored in trees. Soaring meat production, which requires other food products to feed livestock, has been especially damaging. A global shift from meat—to plant—based diets could yield big results, cutting as much as 8 billion metric tons of greenhouse gases per year. Eating less meat means lower emissions from livestock and the fertilizer needed to grow their food, and offers the chance to reforest land that farmers would have otherwise used for grazing. Changing the way we farm the remaining land would also make a difference. 50 Farmers can implement a range of practices—from changing livestock feed to adapting how soil is managed—that can significantly reduce emissions and even suck carbon out of the atmosphere. Some farmers, traditionally known as a conservative bunch, say they're open to new ways of doing business. 'We are ready to solve this problem,' says Matt Russell, a beef and produce farmer in central Iowa, adding, 'if we're asked to.'
【答案解析】we live on定语从句，修饰land；when we began using land in new ways定语从句，修饰the past century。 [参考译文] 人类和我们赖以生存的土地之间的关系已经发展了数十万年，但没有哪个时期像上个世纪那样经历了如此迅速的变化。从上个世纪开始，人类开始以新的方式利用土地。一项具有里程碑意义的联合国报告警告称，人类现在面临的灾难在于我们使用地球的土地的方式：要么我们改变我们生活的方式，尤其是我们的饮食；或冒险进一步开发大片地区使用，但是排放的二氧化碳将远超我们的承担能力。 这份报告，由来自52个国家的100多名科学家合著，发现农业和伐木等土地 使用行为产生的温室气体，占人类引起的温室气体排放的近四分之一。 尽管如此，地球上其他地方的土地已经抵消了这些排放的影响。在截至2016年的10年里，森林、湿地和其他土地系统每年吸收的二氧化碳比它们排放的二氧化碳多112亿公吨。这比世界上燃煤发电厂全年所排放的碳还要多。 但他表示，“这种来自大自然的额外馈赠不会永远持续下去。”砍伐森林、土壤退化和破坏土地生态系统等一系列做法可能会阻止这一趋势，导致土地释放的二氧化碳超过其吸收的量。 调整我们的饮食可以有所帮助。气候倡导者希望今年的报告能像去年一样敲响警钟。去年的报告警告称，全球平均气温上升超过1.5摄氏度将带来极其严重的影响。随着全球粮食需求的增长，农民们把森林变成了农田，导致释放出储存在树木中的碳。飙升的肉类产量尤其具有破坏性。肉类生产需要其它食品来喂养牲畜。 全球从肉类饮食转向植物性饮食可能会产生巨大的效果，每年可减少多达80亿吨的温室气体。少吃肉意味着牲畜和种植食物所需的肥料的排放量更低，同时也为农民提供了重新造林的机会，否则农民本来是用这些土地来放牧的。 改变我们耕种剩余土地的方式也会有所不同。农民可以采取一系列措施——从改变牲畜饲料到调整土壤管理方式——来显著减少碳排放，甚至从大气中吸收碳。一些传统上被称为保守派的农民说，他们对新的经营方式持开放态度。“我们已经准备好解决这个问题，”爱荷华州中部的一名牛肉和农产品农民马特?拉塞尔(Matt Russell)说，“如果我们被要求这么做的话。”
【答案解析】authored by more than 100 scientists from 52 countries定语，修饰the report；from land use定语，修饰emissions; practices like agriculture and logging同位语，解释说明land use。