【答案解析】An affix refers to the collective term for the type of morpheme that can be used only when added to another morpheme (the root or the stem), which has three subtypes : prefix, such as un-, mini-, para-; suffix, -ish, -al, -tion; and infix, abso-bloomingly-lutely, un-fucking-believable. All the affixes are the bound morphemes.
The affixes that attach to verbs and do not change the category are usually inflectional affixes. For example, -s in reads, looks and listens; -ed in excited, interested and consisted; -ing in studying, making and sitting. They are just grammatical markers and do not change the category of words.
问答题
inflection
【正确答案】
【答案解析】Inflection is the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes, such as number, person, finiteness, aspect and case, which do not change the grammatical class of the stems to which they are attached. For example, the past form of the verb
work
is realized by the addition of the inflectional suffix: "-ed"; the plural form of the noun
child
is realized by the inflectional suffix: "-ten".
问答题
mood
【正确答案】
【答案解析】The mood is the variation in the conjugation of a verb to express the manner or form. It includes three types, namely, imperative mood, indicative mood and subjunctive mood.
问答题
modality
【正确答案】
【答案解析】In linguistics, modality is what allows speakers to attach expressions of belief, attitude and obligation to statements. In standard formal approaches to modality, an utterance expressing modality can always roughly be paraphrased to fit the template.
问答题
interlanguage
【正确答案】
【答案解析】Interlanguage refers to the type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language. It"s a language system between the target language and the learner"s native language, and imperfect compared with the target language, but not mere translation from the learner"s native language. For example, when a Chinese student is learning English, he may make errors like "to touch the society".
问答题
language transfer
【正确答案】
【答案解析】Native language plays an important role in the process of second language acquisition. When the native language influences the acquisition of the target language, language transfer happens. For example, the students" learned knowledge and skills in the native language can be transferred to the second language. When the two languages are similar in structure, then the native language facilitates the target language learning, and we call it a positive transfer; when the two languages are different in structure, then the native language interferes with the target language learning, and we call it a negative transfer.
问答题
speech act
【正确答案】
【答案解析】Speech act is a central concept in Speech Act Theory, according to which, we are performing various kinds of acts when we are speaking. Actions performed through utterances are generally called speech acts.
问答题
verbal behavior
【正确答案】
【答案解析】The verbal behavior is the behavior under the control of consequences mediated by other people (who can interchangeably function as speaker and listener)—was best understood in a functional analysis.
问答题
co-operative principles
【正确答案】
【答案解析】The four maxims of the co-operative principle are as follows:
Quantity. (1) Make your contribution as informative as is required (for the current purposes of the exchange). (2) Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.
Quality. Try to make your contribution one that is true. (1) Do not say what you believe to be false. (2) Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.
Relation. Be relevant.
Manner. Be perspicuous. (1) Avoid obscurity of expression. (2) Avoid ambiguity. (3) Be brief. (4) Be orderly.
In the utterance given, it is probable that the speaker is particularly careful about the maxim of Quality, which rules that do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.
问答题
vernacular
【正确答案】
【答案解析】A vernacular is the native language or native dialect of a specific population, as opposed to a language of wider communication that is a second language or foreign language to the population, such as a national language, standard language, or lingua franca.