翻译题
花园怎样反映人类的基本诉求 ——2013年英译汉及详解 It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge;【F1】Yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression. One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a "still point of the turning world," to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot.【F2】A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one's relation to one's environment.【F3】The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn' t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand. Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees,【F4】most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world.【F5】It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word "garden" though in a"liberated" sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.
【答案解析】本句考查的重点是：时间状语从句和it作形式主语。 本句的主干为it strikes one that…these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges。其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。句首是when引导的时间状语从句。beyond后的that指代的是上文的diversity。for all在句中是“尽管”的意思。one在这里是不定代词，可以译为“人们”，因此本句译为“人们感到深深地震撼”。
【答案解析】本句考查的重点是让步状语从句和定语从句的译法。 本句的主干为：A sacred place of peace…is a distinctly human need。主谓之间插入了一个however引导的让步状语从句。as opposed to shelter后为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词shelter。crude是“粗糙”的意思，因此句子可以译为“或许可能是简陋的”，可以将however移到句首。
【答案解析】本句考查的重点是定语从句。 本句的主干是The gardens of the homeless…introduce from into an urban environment。其中，where引导的是修饰environment的定语从句，在句子中作地点状语。which are in effect homeless gardens也是一个定语从句，修饰限定前面的“The gardens of the homeless”。
【答案解析】本句考查的重点是：定语和时间状语从句。 本句的主干为：most of us give into a demoralization of spirit…。which we usually blame on somepsychological conditions紧跟spirit之后，是定语从句。until引导的是时间状语从句，其中as if是“好像，正如”的意思。
【答案解析】本句考查的重点是强调句。 本句为强调句．强调的部分是主语this implicit or explicit reference to nature。主句的谓语部分是justifies the use of word garden，though in a“liberated“sense作状语，to describe these synthetic Con—structions作定语，修饰the use of word garden。