What do we learn from the conclusion of the Oxford University researchers?

细节辨认题。句(1)中提到,牛津大学得出结论称,所有社会都是由7条普遍的道德准则维系在一起的,其中包括服从上级和尊重他人的财产。C)项中的kept together是录音中held together 的同义转述。因此答案为C)。

What did the new study by Oxford researchers aim to do?

细节辨认题。句(2)中提到,发表在《当代人类学》上的这项研究是迄今为止规模最大、最全面、最广泛的道德调查,其目的是找出不同的社会是否有不同版本的道德观。因此答案为B)。

What does Harvey Whitehouse think social scientists should do to test theories of morality?

细节归纳题。根据句(3-1)和句(3-2)可知,合著者哈维·怀特豪斯教授认为,社会科学家现在应该着手实地检验这一理论,而不是依靠旧数据。如果他们认真对待道德理论的测试,就需要去实地更系统地收集新数据。因此答案为D)。

听力原文：

（1）All societies are held together by seven universal moral rules, which include deferring to superiors and respecting the property of others,Oxford University has concluded. Although many cultures are moving towards more liberal, less hierarchical organizations, the new research suggests that traditional power structures and basic values of charity and brotherhood are the cornerstones of successful societies.

The huge study of 60 different cultures around the world found that all communities operate under seven basic moral codes. Those universal rules are: help your family, help your group, return favors, be brave, defer to superiors, divide resources fairly, and respect the property of others. The character traits held for every kind of community, be they traditional hunter gatherers or advanced civilizations, helping to uphold civilized society and foster social cooperation， researchers found. “Everyone everywhere shares a common moral code,” said Dr. Oliver Scott Curry, lead author and senior researcher at Oxford. “These seven moral rules appear to be universal across cultures, because people face the same social problems. Even if some of these traits look right- wing or conservative, for example, deferring to authority, left-wing people will still have a group loyalty and deference to someone or something. This shows there really is more that unites us than divides us.”

（2）The study published in Current Anthropology is the largest and most comprehensive and widespread survey of morals ever conducted and aimed to find out whether different societies had different versions of morality. The team accessed the world's best archives to analyze accounts from more than 600 sources of 60 societies around the world. They found that the seven rules were considered morally good in all societies and were observed across all continents,religions and politics. However,some communities valued certain rules more highly than others. Dr.Curry hopes that this research helps to promote mutual understanding between people of different cultures and appreciation of what we have in common and how and why we differ.

（3-1）Co-author professor Harvey Whitehouse said social scientists should now set about testing the theory in the field, rather than relying on old data. “This study was based on historical descriptions of cultures around the world," he said. “These descriptions were made independent of and prior to the theory we're testing. （3-2）In future, if social scientists are serious about testing theories of morality, they will need to gather new data,more systematically, out in the field."