In 1977, the year before I was born, a Senate committee led by George McGovem published its landmark " Dietary Goals for the United States," urging Americans to eat less high-fat red meat, eggs and dairy and replace them with more calories from fruits, vegetables and especially carbohydrates. By 1980 that wisdom was codified. The US Department of Agriculture(USDA)issued its first dietary guidelines, and one of the primary directives was to avoid cholesterol(胆固醇)and fat of all sorts. The National Institutes of Health(NIH)recommended that all Americans over the age of 2 cut fat consumption, and that same year the government announced the results of a $ 150 million study, which had a clear message; Eat less fat and cholesterol to reduce your risk of a heart attack. The food industry—and American eating habits—jumped in step. Grocery shelves filled with "light" yogurts, low-fat microwave dinners, cheese-flavored crackers, cookies. Families like mine followed the advice; beef disappeared from the dinner plate, eggs were replaced at breakfast with cereal or yolk-free beaters, and whole milk almost wholly vanished. From 1977 to 2012, per capita consumption of those foods dropped while calories from supposedly healthy carbohydrates increased—no surprise, given that breads, cereals and pasta were at the base of the USDA food pyramid. The nation was embarking on a " vast nutritional experiment," as the skeptical president of the National Academy of Sciences, Philip Handler, put it in 1980. But with nearly a million Americans a year dropping dead from heart disease by the mid-"80s, it had to try something. Nearly four decades later, the results are in: the experiment was a failure. Americans cut the fat, but by almost every measure, they are sicker than ever. The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in the US increased 166% from 1980 to 2012. Nearly 1 in 10 American adults has the disease, costing the country"s health care system $ 245 billion a year, and an estimated 86 million people are predia-betic. Deaths from heart disease have fallen—a fact that many experts attribute to better emergency care, less smoking and widespread use of cholesterol-controlling drugs like statins—but cardiovascular(心血管的)disease remains the country"s No. 1 killer.

单选题 George Mc Govern advised people to______.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】解析：根据题干中的George McGovern定位到第一段。其中答案出现在“urging规劝”一词之后，urging对应题干中的advised。故答案来源句为:．．．urging Americans to eat less high—fatred meat，eggs and dairy and replace them with more calories from fruits，vegetables and especiallycarbohydrates．大意为:……力劝美国人少吃高脂肪的红肉、鸡蛋和乳制品，取而代之以水果、蔬菜，尤其是碳水化合物来补充热量。四个选项分别为：[A]多做运动；[B]吃更营养的食物；[C]改变饮食习惯；[D]减少卡路里摄入量。与原文最接近的是选项[C]。

单选题 We can learn from Paragraph 2 that______.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】解析：选项[A]对应该段首句：By 1980 that wisdom was codified．其中，that wisdom指代上一段George McGovern提出的建议，而不是NIH，故该项属于偷换概念。选项[B]对应该段第三行：The National Institutes of Health(NIH)recommended that all Americans over the age of 2cut fat consumption…该项把原文的“all Americans over the age of 2”替换成“all Americans”，把“cut fat consumption减少脂肪摄入量”替换成“take in no more fat不再摄入脂肪”，故该项错误。原文中与选项[C]接近的信息只有“the government announced the results of a $150 million study”，但并未提到这些钱用于治疗心脏病，故该项错误。选项[D]对应最后一句：Eat less fat andcholesterol to reduce your risk of a heart attack．意为：减少脂肪和胆固醇摄入量可以减少患心脏病的几率。由此推断出“不良饮食习惯可能增加患某些疾病的几率”这一表述正确，即选项[D]为正确答案。

单选题 In the past, Americans got their calories mainly from______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】解析：根据出题顺序、Americans、calories等信息对应到第三段。该段最后一句指出：From 1977 to 2012，per capita consumption of those foods dropped while calories from supposedlyhealthy carbohydrates increased…通过这句话可以知道近几十年美国人摄取的热量主要来自碳水化合物，而过去来自“those foods那些食物”，即上文提到的食物:．．．beef disappeared fromthe dinner plate，eggs were replaced at breakfast with cereal or yolk—free beaters，and whole milk al—most wholly vanished．由此知道过去美国人的热量来源为beef，eggs，whole milk，即选项[B]中的meat，eggs and dairy。本题也可以直接通过第一段的“urging Americans to eat less high—fatred meat，eggs and dairy…”一句得出答案为选项[B]。

单选题 The author"s attitude towards nutritional experiment seems to be______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】解析：根据题干中的nutritional experiment定位到第四段首句：The nation was embarkingon a“vast nutritional experiment，”as the skeptical president of the National Academy of Sciences，Philip Handler，put it in 1980．该题同时对应第五段首句：Nearly four decades later，the resultsare in：the experiment was a failure．由此可见，作者对于nutritional experiment带有一点否定和质疑的态度。一般作者提到某人的观点，要么以此来证明自己的观点，要么为了否定对方的观点，很明显文章并没有对Philip Handler表示反对，由此可见作者与其态度较为一致，而他的态度为skeptical，即选项[B]suspicious。

单选题 What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】解析：选项[A]意为：饮食改变对美国贡献不大。该项对应最后一段第二句：Americanscut the fat，but by almost every measure，they are sicker than ever．由此可见美国人虽然减少脂肪摄入，但是得的病更多了。可见该项表述正确。“little”一词也属于否定。选项[B]意为：大约十分之一美国人有糖尿病早期症状。该项对应第四句：Nearly 1 in 10 American adults has thedisease，costing the country’s health care system $245 billion a year，and an estimated 86 millionpeople are prediabetic．该句明确指出，近十分之一美国成年人患有糖尿病，8 600万人有糖尿病早期症状。故可以得知该项表述错误。选项[C]意为：饮食改变消灭了许多疾病。该项明显错误，从“they are sicker than ever”一句就可以判断。选项[D]意为：美国肥胖率比以前更高了。该项中的obesity一词文章没讨论，该项属于无中生有。故答案为选项[A]。