问答题 1.  Read carefully the following excerpt, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should:
    1)summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then
    2)comment on Brewer's view that parents should join in with their kids rather than limit their media consumption.
    You can support yourself with information from the excerpt.
    Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
How much screen time is too much for kids?

  Parents have been advised to limit media consumption of their children, but research suggests it's
the nature of it that matters.
  For many parents in the digital age, battles with their kids over screen time and devices have
become a depressing part of family life. Many parents will now be relieved to hear that recent research
suggests that it's not so much the length, but the nature of the screen time that matters.
  Jocelyn Brewer, a psychologist who specializes in the concept of "digital nutrition", likens media
diets to what's on our plates: rather than counting calories (or screen time), think about what you're
eating.
  "It's not just about whether you consume any potential digital junk foods, but also your relationship
to technology and the role it plays in your family life," says Brewer.
For young children, the most important thing is whether parents and kids are playing, watching or
browsing together.
  A study of 20,000 parents published late last year by the Oxford Internet Institute and Cardiff
University determined that there was no correlation between limiting device use and children's well-being.
The study's lead author Dr Andrew Pryzbylski said: "Our findings suggest the broader family context,
how parents set rules about digital screen time, and if they're actively engaged in exploring the digital
world together, are more important than the raw screen time."
  "The consensus is that screen time, in and of itself, is not harmful—and reasonable restrictions
vary greatly, depending on a child's behavior and personality. There is little point in worrying about how
many minutes a day your kids are spending with screens," says Brewer. "Instead, parents should be
doing what they can to ensure that what they're watching, playing and reading is high-quality, age-appropriate
and safe—and joining in wherever possible."
【正确答案】[范文]
   
Participation is Better than Restriction

   In the digital age, media consumption is inevitable. According to Brewer, rather than restricting children's screen time and their access to digital devices, parents should be actively engaged in their children's media consumption because the nature of it matters more than the length of time spent on it. I cannot agree more with Brewer's point of view.
   First of all, the use of digital products in itself is a double-edged sword. It is the way they are used, not the screen time, that determines the outcome. Digital products, if used properly, can facilitate children's study and relax their bodies and minds. By contrast, they can also be used to browse pornographic or violent contents, which is harmful to children's mental health. Therefore, parental participation and guidance are critical in that parents can help children form an appropriate view of electronic products and thus protect them from potential harm. Second, the effort to limit screen time is in vain as long as children use electronics, for instance, to consume digital junk foods. So parents should play, watch or browse with their children so as to ensure that what their children are consuming is high-quality, age-appropriate and safe. This could at the same time help strengthen family bonds.
   In conclusion, parents should join in with their children's media consumption rather than simply limit their time spent on electronic devices.
【答案解析】 本篇作文要求概括材料的主要内容,并就布鲁尔(Brewer)的观点发表个人看法。本篇材料主要介绍专家(Brewer等)对于孩子媒介消费的看法:与其限制孩子使用电子产品的时间,不如花时间跟他们一起,指导孩子接触高质量的内容。根据题目要求,文章结构可安排如下:
   第一段:简要概括材料内容,提出自己的看法——电子产品上的内容和家长的指导远比限定使用电子产品的时长更加重要。
   第二段:列出理由论证自己的观点。首先,电子产品的使用有利有弊,如果家长适当指导,那么孩子对电子产品就有正确的认识,并且能利用电子产品来学习知识或放松身心。第二,与其限制孩子使用电子产品的时长,倒不如参与其中,这样既能陪伴小孩、加强家庭纽带,还能确保孩子所接触内容的质量。
   第三段:总结全文,重申观点——家长应积极参与孩子的媒介消费。
[参考译文]
   
参与胜于限制

   在数字化时代,媒介消费不可避免。在布鲁尔看来,与其限制孩子使用电子产品的时长和接触电子产品的机会,家长应积极参与孩子的媒介消费,因为媒介消费的性质而非时长才是问题的关键。我完全同意布鲁尔的看法。
   首先,使用电子产品本身就是一把双刃剑,结果的好坏取决于使用方式,而非使用时长。如果使用得当,电子产品能有助于孩子的学习,帮助其放松身心。但是电子产品也可以用来浏览色情或暴力内容,这不利于孩子的精神健康。因此,家长的参与和指导至关重要,因为家长可以帮助孩子正确地看待电子产品并保护孩子免于伤害。其次,只要孩子使用电子产品摄入的是“数字化垃圾食品”,那么限制孩子使用电子产品就只是徒劳。因此,家长应跟孩子一起用电子产品玩游戏、观看视频或浏览网页,以确保孩子接触的内容都是高质量、适合他们年龄的,并且是安全的,这样做同时也能加强家庭纽带。
   总而言之,家长应参与孩子的媒介消费,而非简单地限制孩子使用电子产品的时长。