The English word "veto" means "I will not permit". It is a way for one member of a group or government to (61) action by other members. For example, the United Nations Security Council (62) five permanent members, the United States, China, Britain, France and Russia. (63) can use the veto to block action by the whole group. Britain and France did this in 1956. They vetoed a resolution (64) Israel to withdraw its forces from Egyptian territory. The most (65) use of the veto is by an executive over the legislative in a government with a president. The United States Constitution (66) such a veto. The (67) also says a president's veto can be changed by a second vote of Congress. This is called overriding the president's veto. For a bill to become law, (68) of the members of both houses of Congress (69) vote to override the president's veto. Throughout American history, presidents (70) more than 2 500 congressional bills. Congress has been able to override the president's veto (71) 104 times. Presidents in the late 1800s and early 1700s did not use the veto frequently. In the 1940s,President Franklin Roosevelt vetoed more than 600 bills. But he was president for 12 years, much longer than anyone else. More recently, President Ronald Reagan vetoed (72) in his eight years in office. And George Bush vetoed 44 bills in four years. Today, Congress is approving bills designed to (73) the size and cost of the federal government. President Clinton does not (74) all the congressional plans. He has different ideas about (75) parts of government should be cut and by how much. He already vetoed at least one of these bills.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】本题考理解。考生应能读懂本文的第二句是对第一句中“I will not permit”的解释。 permit意为“允许”,因此,可知本题词义为“阻止、阻挠”。进一步参照选择项,则可发现 A.accept意为“接受”,C.promote意为“促进、推进”,D.challenge意为“挑战”,B.block意为“阻挡、阻止”。只有B.block符合veto的含义,是本题正确答案。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】本题考词汇。根据我们对联合国安理会的了解,我们知道联合国安理会是由中、美、英、法、俄五个常任理事国组成,显然,本题词义应为“由……组成”或“包含”。仔细区分四个选择项的差别,发现只有A.has符合文章要求。即联合国安理会有五个常任理事国。干扰项词义:B.consist与D.is made up都含有“由……组成”或“包含”之意。不过,选择项中所给的短语搭配不全。完整的短语形式应该分别为consist of和is made up of。因此,这两项可以排除。C.maintain意为“保持”或“持……观点”,也不符合文章的语意要求。
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】从语法角度分析,本题答案为该句主语。根据前文及常识,可以知道在此充当主语的为上述五国。然后根据选择项一一排查。Both意为“两者都”,用来表达双方的情况,但是,此处有五个国家,因此可以排除选择项A。B.All of which虽然可以用以表示“其中所有的”,但通常用于非限定性定语从句句首,而此处为独立的句子,并非从句,因此选择项B.也可排除。C.very也可以代表全体,但它是形容词,不能做主语。D.Each为代词,意为“每个”,满足了语法和词义两方面的要求,是本题正确答案。
【答案解析】本题考固定用法。从四个选择项分析,此处所要的词义应该是“后期、晚期”,即“18世纪后期”。英语中对晚期或后期的表达用late。late和early用法举例: He was born in the late 1950s and was in his early forties when he started the shoe business.他出生于20世纪50年代后期。在他开始经营制鞋业时已经四十出头了。
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】本题考语篇理解能力。需填写词为动词,所带宾语为the size and cost of the federal government,即联邦政府的规模及其开支。问题在于此处指“扩大”还是“削减”政府的规模或开支。答案可以从下文中得到:在陈述Clinton总统观点时用了cut一词,即“削减”。可见此处当填D.reduce。干扰项词义:A.change“改变”;B.maintain“保持”;C.increase“增加”。
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】本题考动词短语。选择动词短语的依据来自对语篇连贯线索的确切理解。下文提到 Clinton持有different ideas,即他与国会的意见有分歧,因此答案为D.agree with(同意某人的意见、想法)。干扰项用法解析:A.agree upon和B.agree on表示“在某件事上取得一致意见”,C.agree to后接动词不定式。用法举例: I don't agree with you on this point.我不同意你的这个观点。 He finally agreed to participate in the experiment.他最终同意了参加实验。至此,全部答案已做完。考生应再重新通读全文,以挑剔的眼光审视所做答案,看它们是否达到了在结构和内容上圆满还原短文的目的。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】本题考宾语从句。前一句提到Clinton总统观点时用了部分否定的句式,即Clinton总统不完全同意国会关于精简政府和削减开支的意见。换言之,Clinton的总体意见是同意精简政府和削减开支,但在具体细节上与国会有分歧。从下文中可以看到,他们之间的分歧在于“精简哪些部门(parts of government)”以及“精简的幅度(by how much)”。因此,先排除C.whose,因为whose parts of government的提法不合逻辑;然后排除不符合“总体上赞成国会意见”的选项,即A.why和D,that;最后确认B.what为正确答案。 what parts of government意为“政府的哪些部门”。本句大意:对于国会的计划Clinton总统并非全部赞同,他在政府的哪些部门应该被精简以及开支应削减多少这些问题上持不同观点。