问答题
The human being longs for a sense of being
accomplished, of being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind, with his
will. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Each of us wants to feel he
or she has the ability to do something that is meaningful and that stands
outside of us as a tribute to our inherent abilities.{{/U}} This extension of
ourselves--in what our hands and minds can do--fills out our personality and
expands our ego. {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}}
{{/U}}{{U}}It is easiest to see this in the craftsman who lovingly shapes some base
material into object that may be either useful or beautiful or both. {{/U}}You can
see the carpenter or bricklayer stand aside and admire the product of his
personal skill. We've watched programmers and engineers work
fifteen and eighteen hours at a stretch, seven days a week, when a job really
got tough and they knew that a crucial deadline had to be met, or when a major
project would fail unless some tough problem were solved. {{U}} {{U}}
3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}They received a substantial personal payoff from their
efforts in the knowledge that they could tackle tough, almost insurmountable
problems, yet overcome them.{{/U}} They enjoyed" making it",--winning despite
difficult odds; proving their capacities against the outsider: nature, a
competitor, a complex problem; mastering something new every day.
Even on simple jobs one can observe pride at work. Cleaning men will tell
you that while the job looks uncomplicated, there are countless subtleties one
needs to know whose desk can be dusted and whose can't: how to get the most out
of cleaning compounds; the best sequence to handle a variety of jobs; even how
to sweep a great deal without getting tried. Some are deceived
into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save them selves
as much as possible. Just the opposite. It is energy's expenditure that is
satisfying. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}Expending energy, in a
sense, creates its own replacement, there is no reservoir such that the more you
use the less you have.{{/U}} The measure of your capability is in being active and
being able to control that activity so that it results in a tangible
accomplishment you can claim as your own. Just watch an employee who must deal
with countless other people because his or her job is at some central point in a
communications network: a salesman at a busy counter, a stockbroker on the
phone, a customer representative. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}}
{{/U}}{{U}}They will tell you how much skill and experience it takes to field
countless questions and handle a mass of diverse personalities every hour of the
day. {{/U}}Not everyone can interact with such persistence and over long hours,
but those who do pride themselves in a distinctive ability that contributes
mightily to the running of the organization.
【答案解析】[解析] 这是一个复合句，he or she has…inherent abilities是一个宾语从句，作feel的宾语；其中还包含两个that引导的定语从句修饰something。本句基本可以用顺译法去翻译。Something的第一个定语从句可以翻译为前置定语，第二个定语从句要翻译成一个独立的句子，要重复关系代词指代的内容。
【答案解析】[解析] 这是一个复合句，此处that引导表示原因的状语从句，意为“因为”。例如：“I am glad that you have finished the task.”(因为你完成了任务，我很高兴。)本句也应这样处理，把that从句(原因)先译，再译结果。substantial物质的，实质的；insurmountable不能克服的，不能超越的。本句的难点是正确理解that引导的从句，它不是一个定语从句，而是一个表示原因的状语从句。that引导原因状语从句的情况并不鲜见。根据汉语“前因后果”的习惯表达方法，本句应该先译出that引导的原因从句，然后再译结果。
【正确答案】在某种意义上说，花费精力会产生它的替代物；没有水越用越少的水库。
【答案解析】[解析] 这是一个并列句，后一个句子中还含有一个such that引导的表示结果的状语从句。第一分句Expending…和后一分句there is…不是简单的并列，后一分句在逻辑关系上是前面分句的原因，作者用水库的水不会用光来说明，精力也不会用尽。理解了这些，全句可以按顺译法翻译出。不过，in a sense是插入语，翻译时应调至句首处理。
【答案解析】[解析] 这是一个主从复合句，They…you为主句，how much引导的是宾语从句，其中，it是形式主语，takes是谓语，真实主语是to field…and handle…。而how much skill and experience是takes的宾语。field(动词)原意为“接球”，此处引申为“解答(问题)”。翻译时，可在从句中重复人称主语“他们”，同时将时间状语调至不定式前面；即“能在一天的每个小时回答……并处理……”。