【正确答案】Syntactic movement is a syntactic phenomenon by which a constituent in a sentence moves out of its original place to a new position．It is dictated by traditional transformational rules，whose operation may change the syntactic representation of a sentence．NP-movement refers to the movement of a noun phrase from one position to another．It occurs，for example，when a sentence changes from the active voice to the passive voice，e．g．，
a．The man beat the boy．
b．The boy was beaten by the man．
Here the sentence b is the result of the movement of the NPs“the man”and“the boy”from their original positions in(a)to new positions，with“the man”postposing to the right and“the boy”preposing to the left．
WH-movement refers to the phenomenon by which a WH-item such as“what”，“who”，“when”and “where”appears in sentence-initial or clause-initial position．WH-movement is obligatory in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative，e．g．，
a．He can speak several languages．
b．What languages can he speak?