单选题
As the horizons of science have expanded, two main groups of scientists have emerged. One is the pure scientist; the other, the applied scientist. The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order to understand the basic laws of nature that govern our world. The applied scientist adapts this knowledge to practical problems. Neither is more important than the other, however, for the two groups are very much related. Some times, however, the applied scientist finds the "problem" for the theoretical scientist to work on. Let' s take a particular problem of the aircraft industry: heat-resistant metals. Many of the metals and alloys which perform satisfactorily in a car cannot be used in a jet-propelled plane. New alloys must be used, because the jet engine operates at a much higher temperature than an automobile engine. The turbine wheel in a turbojet must withstand temperatures as high as 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit, so aircraft designers had to turn to the research metallurgist for the development of metals and alloys that would do the job in jet-propelled planes. Dividing scientists into two groups is only one broad way of classifying them, however. When scientific knowledge was very limited, there was no need for men to specialize. Today, with the great body of scientific knowledge, scientists specialize in many different fields. Within each field, there is even further subdivision. And, with finer and finer subdivisions, the various sciences have become more and more interrelated until no one branch is entirely independent of the others. Many new specialties--geophysics and biochemistry, for example--have resulted from combining the knowledge of two or more sciences.
单选题
The applied scientist ______. A. is not always interested in practical problems B. provides the basic knowledge for practice C. applies the results of research to practice D. does original research to understand the basic laws of nature
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】根据第二段第二句The applied scientist adapts this knowledge to practical problems．可知applied scientist是要把知识运用于实践的。所以选项C与原文意思相符。
单选题
The example given in the passage illustrates how ______. A. pure science operates independently of applied science B. the applied scientist discovers the basic laws of nature C. applied science defines all the areas in which basic research is done D. applied science suggests problems for the basic scientist
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】第二段说了两类科学家之间相互关联并指出the applied scientist finds the“problem”for the theoretical scientist to work on，紧接着就列举了aircraft industry的例子，很显然是为了论证上述观点，选项D正确。
单选题
The problem discussed in the second paragraph called for ______. A. selecting the best hear-resistant metal from existing metals B. developing a turbine wheel capable of generating hear up to 1, 600 degrees Fahrenheit C. developing metals and alloys that would withstand terrific temperatures D. causing the jet engine to operate at higher temperatures
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】第二段applied scientist发现很多在car中用得很好的金属不能忍耐飞机的高温，后来又指出aircraft designers had to．．．for the development of metals and alloys that would do the job in jet-propelled planes，选项C表述意思符合。
单选题
Finer and finer subdivision in the field of science has resulted in ______. A. greater independence of each science B. greater interdependence of all the various sciences C. the eradication of the need for specialists D. the need for only on classification of scientists
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】第三段第四句讲到with finer and finer subdivisions,.. entirely independent of the others．(随着分科越来越细，不同的学科之间的联系越来越多直到没有任何一个分支是可以完全独立于其他学科)，所以选项B说“不同的学科之间相互依赖越来越强”，与原文意思相符。
单选题
"The horizons of science have expanded" means that ______. A. the horizon changes its size from year to year B. science has developed more fields of endeavor C. scientists have made great progress in studying the horizon D. scientists can see further out into space