阅读理解 Researchers found family influenced delinquency. Attachment and involvement were both (47)______ related to delinquency. Children who were more (48)______ to and involved with their parents were less involved in delinquency. The relationship between family process factors and delinquency was (49)______ — poor parenting increased the probability of delinquent behavior and delinquent behavior further weakened the relationship between parent and child. The impact of family variables appeared to fade as adolescents became older and more (50)______ from their parents. Additionally, researchers (51)______ the relationship between educational factors and delinquency and drug use and found that weak school commitment and poor school (52)______ were associated with increased involvement in delinquency and drug use. School success was associated with resilience. Youth who (53)______ delinquency and drug use were more attached to school and teachers and had better performance scores than youth who were involved in delinquency and drug use. Involvement in delinquency reduced commitment to school; involvement in drug use (54)______ the chances of dropping out of school. Researchers also found that associating with delinquent peers was strongly and (55)______ related to delinquency, in part because peers provide positive for delinquency. Delinquent beliefs also increased involvement in delinquency. In turn, engaging in delinquent behavior had strong reciprocal (56)______ , increasing associations with delinquent peers and the formation of delinquent beliefs. A) accustom I) increased B) attached J) significantly C) bi-directional K) performance D) consistently L) independent E) reflection M) dependent F) avoided N) effects G) examined O) arbitrary H) worldly
【正确答案】 J
【答案解析】根据文章结构,此处应填一个副词,significantly符合题意,故选J)。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据文意得知,越是依恋于父母的孩子,越是较少卷入犯罪。短语be attached to意思是“依恋于……”。故选B)。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】根据文意得知,家庭因素和犯罪之间是相互作用的关系:家庭关系不好会加剧犯罪行为的可能性;犯罪行为又进一步恶化父母和孩子之间的关系。形容词bi-directional意思是“双向的,有两个方向作用的”,符合题意,故选C)。
【正确答案】 B、L
【答案解析】根据文意得知,当青少年逐渐长大并且更加独立的时候,家庭因素的影响似乎就变小了。形容词independent符合题意,故选L)。
【正确答案】 G
【答案解析】根据上下文文章结构,此处需填一个动词过去式,examined符合题意。这句话大意是:此外,研究者还探求了教育因素与犯罪和吸毒之间的关系,并且发现学业不投入、学校表现差都与不断介入犯罪和吸毒有关。故选G)。
【正确答案】 A、K
【答案解析】名词performance符合上下文意思,故选K)。
【正确答案】 F
【答案解析】根据文意得知,与那些卷入犯罪和吸毒的青年相比,回避犯罪和吸毒的青年比较依恋学校和老师,在学校表现较好。动词过去式avoided符合题意,故选F)。
【正确答案】 I
【答案解析】根据文意得知,卷入犯罪会减少对学校的依恋和对学业的投入,介入吸毒使辍学几率提高。动词过去式increased符合题意,故选I)。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】这句话的大意是:研究者还发现,犯罪也总是和与违法的同伴交往有关。副词consistently意思是“一贯地、一致地”,符合题意,故选D)。
【正确答案】 D、N
【答案解析】根据上下文得知,与违法的同伴交往以及犯罪念头都促使人卷入犯罪,反过来,做违法的事也促使与违法的同龄人交往,同时促使犯罪念头的形成。短语reciprocal effects意思是“相互的作用,相互的效果”。故选N)。