单选题
Currently, the American armed forces are the largest professional military on the planet. Other (1) have professional soldiers, (2) not as many as the United States. For thousands of years, it was (3) that professional soldiers were superior to (4) timers. But (5) most of history, few nations could (6) an army of professionals, at least not on a permanent basis. It washt (7) the late 20th century that countries began to (8) large, permanent, all-volunteer armed forces that were carefully (9) and trained for combat. Britain was the first, when it phased out conscription in 1962. In 1975, the United States followed (10) . For over a century, conscription has been seen (11) the way to remain (12) strong without breaking the bank. But the conscripts did not stay in uniform long enough to get really good at fighting. Britain and American were the first two nations to realize that conscription was so (13) that the voters would pay extra to 14 a professional force. Within a decade, an army of professionals begins to pay (15) . The professionals are not only more (16) on the battlefield, but are also, if carefully (17) (for education and aptitude) more likely to constantly develop better ways to (18) This produces a tremendous battlefield (19) It doesn't make you (20) , but it does make you very difficult to defeat.
单选题
A. races B. areas C. nations D. disciplines
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 选项C“nations”(国家)与其前面的“other”一词结合起来构成“Other nations” (其他国家)之含义,与其前面的“American”和其后面的“the United States”形成对立对比关系。考生在解题时要注意类似于“other”之类的指代词所提供的解题线索。
单选题
A. recognizedB. revised C. suspended D. suspected
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 选项A“recognized”(承认,认识到)出现在原文中的一个固定表达形式中,即“it was recognized that...”(人们认为……)。众所周知,专业人士一般要优于业余人士。这是一种无可争辩的共识。考生在解题时要注意固定句式的应用,同时要注意原文所表达内容的合理性。
单选题
A. unintelligible B. passive C. part D. universal
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 选项C“part”与其后面的"timers"结合在一起的含义是“业余人士”。在本题中"part timers"借助于"be superior to"(优于……)这一结构与其前面的"professional soldiers" (职业士兵)构成了一个“比较级结构”。考生在解题时要注意“比较级”之类的固定结构。
单选题
A. in B. throughout C. for D. unlike
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 选项B“throughout”(贯穿)与其后面的“most of history”结合在一起构成“through most of history”(纵贯大部分历史)之含义,以便达到与上句中的“For thousands of years” (数千年来)在语意上的连贯。考生在解题时要注意上下句中的语意的扩展和连贯。
单选题
A. afford B. purchase C. streamline D. scrutinize
【答案解析】[解析] 选项C“maintain”(供养)与其后面的部分“a professional force”(一支职业化军队)结合起来构成一个不定式短语(即:to maintain a professional force)在句中充当目的状语,表明原文中“payextra”(多花钱)的目的。考生在解题时要注意原文中的语法结构及其产生的语意关系。
单选题
A. notified B. provoked C. selected D. manifested
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 选项C“selected”(选择,挑选)与其前后的部分结合在一起构成一个完整的条件状语从句,即:if (the professionals are)carefully selected for education and aptitude(如果职业军人根据教育与能力的标准经过认真地挑选)。原文括号中的“for education and aptitude”(就教育和能力)暗示了本题应该选择“selected”,因为“教育和能力”是“选拔”(select)人才的一般标准。考生在解题时要注意深入理解原文的内容,以便做出合理且迅速的推断。
单选题
A. invariableB. invincible C. robust D. rigorous
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 选项B“invincible”(战无不胜)在本句中与其后面由“but”一词引导的成分形成对立对比关系。“but”一词所引导的部分的大意是:“但是确实可以做到极难被打败(....very difficult to defeat)。”“but”前面部分的含义只能是:“虽然这种优势不能确保战无不胜(invincible)”。只有在这样的语意内容的条件下,“but”前后的部分才能构成一种对立对比关系。考生在解题时要注意对立对比关系。