单选题 As is stated in the passage, learning ______.

A、 is generally a complex biological process
B、 has nothing to do with organic development
C、 is mostly independent of external environmental conditions
D、 is directed to changes that can be attributed to training

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】解析：语义的理解和判断。根据题干关键词learning定位到原文相关信息Learning is the process by which an activity originates or is changed through training procedures as distinguished from changes not attributable to training可知学习是指通过训练过程使活动产生或变化，以与不经过训练产生的变化相区分。由此可判断D项内容与原文意思相符，是正确答案。

单选题 A child's development depends on ______.

A、 learning process in particular
B、 either of the two processes
C、 the interactions between the two processes
D、 maturation process in the main

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】解析：推理判断题。根据原文Since the two processes almost always interact，it is difficult to separate their effects from each other or to specify the relative contribution of each to a child's development可知成熟和学习两个过程总是密切作用的，因此区分两者的作用或明确在儿童发展中各自的贡献是非常难的。由此可推断，儿童的发展依靠两个过程的相互作用。因此C项说法与原文相符，是正确答案。

单选题 Which is NOT true according to the passage?

A、 Growth in height of a body is an example of maturation.
B、 Maturation is the development of organization as a function of time or age.
C、 Maturation is a process of accumulation of personal experience.
D、 Learning plays a vital role in changes of a child's behavior.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】解析：语义理解题。根据原文Thus all definitions of maturation stress organic processes or structural changes occurring within an individual's body that are relatively independent of external environmental conditions，experiences，or practice可知成熟强调生物过程或身体内部发生的结构性变化，该过程相对独立于个人的外部环境条件、经验或实践。由此可见，成熟是个人经验的积累过程是不对的。因此C项与原文意思不符，是正确答案。

单选题 In the author's opinion, ______.

A、 learning plays an important part in most aspects of a child's development and change
B、 there are hardly any principles of learning which are generally accepted
C、 a child never learns anything unless he has some need or desire for it
D、 a child should not be rewarded until he has learned a response

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】解析：观点态度题。根据原文we do not need to be concerned with the specific details of the learning process，even though learning plays the most important role in most aspects of development and change可知即便学习在(儿童)的发展和变化的大部分方面起最为重要的作用，我们也不必关心学习过程的特定细节。由此可判断，作者认为学习在(儿童)的发展和变化的大部分方面起最为重要的作用。因此选项A的说法与原文相符，是正确的。

单选题 The subject discussed in the passage mainly belongs to the realm of ______.

A、 psychological biology
B、 developmental psychology
C、 biological psychology
D、 evolutional physiology

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】解析：推理判断题。题干问本文讨论的内容属于什么领域。讲话者从发展心理学的角度阐释了成熟过程和学习过程两个过程的含义，并着重讨论了两过程相互作用关系对儿童发展和变化的重要影响。由此可推断B项内容与原文主要讨论的内容相符，因此该项是正确答案。