Standard English is the variety of
English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools
and to non-native speakers learning the language. It is also the variety which
is normally{{U}} (1) {{/U}}by educated people and used in news
broadcasts and other{{U}} (2) {{/U}}situations. The difference between
standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has{{U}} (3) {{/U}}in
principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial{{U}} (4)
{{/U}}; standard English has colloquial as well as formal
variants. {{U}} (5) {{/U}}, the standard variety of
English is based on the London{{U}} (6) {{/U}}of English that developed
after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester
to London. This dialect became the one{{U}} (7) {{/U}}by the educated,
and it was developed and promoted{{U}} (8) {{/U}}a model, or norm, for
wider and wider segments of society. It was also the{{U}} (9) {{/U}}that
was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today,{{U}}
(10) {{/U}}English is arranged to the extent that tile grammar and
vocabulary of English are{{U}} (11) {{/U}}the same everywhere in the
world where English is used;{{U}} (12) {{/U}}among local standards is
really quite minor,{{U}} (13) {{/U}}the Singapore, South Africa, and
Irish varieties are really very{{U}} (14) {{/U}}different from one
another so far as grammar and vocabulary are{{U}} (15) {{/U}}.Indeed,
Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous{{U}} (16)
{{/U}}on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established
dialects of England have{{U}} (17) {{/U}}much of their vigor and there
is considerable pressure on them to be{{U}} (18) {{/U}}. This latter
situation is not unique{{U}} (19) {{/U}}English: it is also true in
other countries where processes of standardization are{{U}} (20)
{{/U}}.But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some
kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational
ones.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】此题属于语意搭配题。speak表示“说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般为不及物动词，在作为及物动词时，宾语只能是语言(如Chinese/English)、真话(truth)等词，不能接that引导的名词性从句，例如：I have heard him speak of you．原句出现的宾语English说明此处选项[D]spoken正确。选项[A]said表示“说出，说道”，着重所说的话，用直接引语时只能用say，例如：(1)He said little that we didn't know yet．(2)He said，“I don't know what happened．”选项[B]told表示“告诉”，兼有嘱托、命令之意，除了较少的情况，如tell the truth/ a lie之外，一般后面接双宾语，tell sb．sth．/to do sth．或tell sb．about sth．例如：She told me to wait for her．选项[C]talked与speak意思相近，一
般也用作不及物动词；用作及物动词时，宾语只能是某国语言，或nonsense等词，但talk含有“话是对某人说的”意思，有较强的对答、讨论意味，例如：He went on talking for a long time，but he spoke so． fast that few of us could catch what he said．
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】此题属于语意搭配题。similar表示“类似的，想像的，不是同一的”，例如：The two houses are very similar in appearance．原句谈及标准英语使用的情况或场合，由other一词可知这种场合不是与news broadcasts一样的场合，而是相似的场合，故选项[B]similar正确。选项[A]same表示“相同的，同一的”，例如：The same mistake occurs three times in the paragraph．(同样的错误在这段中出现了三次。)选项[C]equal表示“(事物在数量价值方面)相等的，平等的，胜任的”，例如：(1)We divided the cake into three equal parts．(2)He was equal to the occasion．选项[D]identical表示“同一的，完全相同的”，
例如：(1)It's the identical coat which was stolen from me．(2)The tests are identical to those carried out last year．
全句可译为：标准英语是指用于印刷品的书面英语或在学校里所教授的英语。它也指那些受过教育的人所使用的英语。标准英语也常常用于新闻广播或其他类似的场合。
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】此题属于词语搭配题。have sth．/nothing to do with表示“与…有/无关”，例如：It had nothing to do with the committee's decision．根据原文意思，标准英语与非标准英语的差别并不在于其是正式语言还是口头语言，因为标准英语既有正式语言也有口语，故选项[C]nothing正确。其他选项[A]anything， [D]something和[D]everything均与句意不符。
【答案解析】此题属于语意搭配题。Historically表示“在历史上”，根据上下文意思，前面谈的是标准英语是什么，下文谈到标准英语的起源，故选项[B]Historically正确。选项[A]Surprisingly表示“令人吃惊地”；选项[C]Interestingly表示“令人感到有趣的是”；选项[D]Generally表示“一般地，通常”，例如：Generally， he doesn't take medicine，but sometimes he does．又如：It's generally believed that．．．(人们普遍认为……)。
【答案解析】此题属于语意搭配题。prefer表示“比较喜欢”，例如：He prefers to work alone．根据上下文的意思，上文谈到标准英语从伦敦方言发展而来，而受过教育的人们使用的是标准英语，那么，伦敦英语肯定曾经受过这些人青睐(prefer)，故选项[A]preferred正确。选项[B]learned(学习的)和选项[C]praised (赞扬的)没有体现出入们爱用伦敦方言的意味；选项[D]created(创造的)，伦敦方言并不是由受过教育的人创造出来的。
【答案解析】此题属于语意搭配题。norm表示“标准”，例如：One child per family is becoming the norm in some countries．根据上下文，前面谈到伦敦方言已经发展成为一种标准(norm)，下文提及正是这个norm漂洋过海，传到海外，因此选项[D]norm正确。其他选项：[A]basis(基础)，[C]rule(规则)和[D]variety(变体)均不合题意。
全句可译为：这种标准后来漂洋过海，传到了海外，但在传播过程中它并非一成不变。
【答案解析】此题属于词语搭配题。much the same表示“差不多，几乎一样”，例如：The patient is much the same．根据原文句意：世界各地所用的语法和词汇基本相同，故选项[C]much正确。选项[A]not(不)，表示否定意味，与题意不符；选项[B]very不与same连用；选项[D]hardly(几乎不)，与题意相反。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】此题属于语意搭配题。variation表示“变化”，如生物学中的变种，音乐上的变调，例如：(1)The same story was told，with slight variations，of many legendary heroes．(2)The variations of temperature in that district are very great．同源名词variety表示“[不可数名词]多样性；[可数名词]同类的不同品种”，例如：There are numerous varieties of tree peonies(牡丹)．又如：the tremendous variety of the themes。根据上下文，前文谈到世界各地所用的语法及词汇基本相同，各地之间的差异就应该很小，此处差异即[A]variation。选项[B]standardization(标准化)，与下文的minor搭配不当；选项[C]unification表
示“联合，统一”，不合题意，例如：The traffic laws of the different states need unification．选项[D] transformation表示“转变”，原指形式的改变，引申为性质、特点的改变，例如：the social and political transformation of a country，用在语言学里，指句子结构的转换，与题意不符。
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】此题属于语法题。so that为连词，连接结果状语从句。根据句子意思，前半句讲地区差异很小，下半句讲新加坡、南非等地的英语差别不大，是前半句的结果，故选项[C]so that正确。选项[A]therefore副词，连接因果状语从句，例如：Those people have their umbrellas up；therefore，it must be raining．选项[D]but(但是)表转折关系；选项[D]nevertheless表示“然而”，连接转折状语从句，例如：He was very tired；nevertheless，he kept working．
【答案解析】此题属于词语搭配题。as far as...be concerned表示“就…而言”，例如：As far as I am concerned，I cannot object to your decision．故选项[D]concerned正确。选项[A]talked(谈论)，不符合题意；选项 [C]mentioned表示“提到”，例如：He casually mentioned that he was leaving his job．选项[D]involved表示“涉及，卷入，牵涉”，常与in/with搭配，例如：(1)The four men were all involved in organizing and carrying out the murders．(2)Winning the game involves both skill and fortune．
全句可译为：现在，在使用英语的地方，标准英语已经达到了语法和词汇基本相同的程度，各地之间的地方差异很小。因此，就语法和词汇而言，新加坡、南非以及爱尔兰的英语并没有什么不同。
【答案解析】此题属于语意搭配题。lose one's vigor表示“失去活力”。根据句子意思：地方英语受到标准英语的影响，许多使用很久的方言失去了活力，故选项[A]lost正确。选项[B]．gained(获得)和选项[D]got(得到)与句意不符；选项[C]missed表示“(因各种原因)错失”，例如：I hate missing the beginning of a film．
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】此题属于语意搭配题。standardize表示“标准化”。根据上下文意思可知：那些使用很久的方言(有特点的地方性语言)失去了活力，并面临着被标准化的压力，故选项[C] standardized正确。选项[A]abandoned表示“被遗弃，放弃”，例如：The village had already been abandoned．又如：abandon one's attempt to do(放弃)；选项[B]changed(改变)和选项[D]reformed(变革)，都含有变化之意，用在此处不够准确。
全句可译为：事实上，标准英语的势力非常强大。它对于英语的所有地方变体都有着巨大的影响，以至于英格兰一些形成已久的方言也丧失了活力并且面临着被标准化的巨大压力。
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】此题属于词语搭配题。be unique to表示“独一无二的”，例如：None of these social problems is unique to this country．其他选项：[A]in，[D]of和[C]for均不符合题意。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】此题属于语意搭配题。under way表示“在进行中”，例如：We have several projects under way．根据原文意思，标准化进程正在实行的过程中，故选项[B]under way正确。选项[A]in the way表示“挡道的，妨碍人的”，例如：If you're going to help，at least don't get in the way．选项[C]out of the way表示“不挡道的，得到解决的”，例如：While the fight was going on，he tried to keep out of the way．选项 [D]all the way表示“一直地，完全地”，例如：I ran all the way to the office．另外与way连用的常见短语有：by the way(顺便地)；find one's way(设法到达)；in a way(在某种程度上)；in no way(决不)；make way(让路)；one way or another(用某种方法)；give way(让步，屈服)；on the way out(即将过时的)；see one's clear way to do/doing sth．(愿意做某事)。
全句可译为：后者的情况不仅仅涉及英语。在别的一些正在进行语言标准化的国家也存在这种情况。