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People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that【C1】______the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by【C2】______factors. But Dr. Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big【C3】______was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 【C4】______, he theorised that a judge【C5】______of appearing too soft【C6】______crime might be more likely to send someone to prison【C7】______he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. To【C8】______this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the【C9】______of an applicant should not depend on the few others【C10】______randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was【C11】______. He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews【C12】______by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had【C13】______applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale【C14】______numerous factors into consideration. The scores were【C15】______used in conjunction with an applicant' s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is【C16】______out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her. Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one【C17】______that, then the score for the next applicant would【C18】______by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to【C19】______the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than it would otherwise have been【C20】______.