American is much more informal than that of many other countries and, in some ways, is characterized by less social 41________ .The American mixture of pride in achievement and sense of “I'm just as good as anybody else.” along with 42________importance placed on personal dignity, is difficult for a foreigner to understand. Americans in general do not like to be considered inferior, and they grumble loudly about inconveniences or not getting a “fair deal”. Yet they do not 43________ their personal honor.
Yet 44________ all the informality, America is not completely without customs that show consciousness of social distinction. For example, one is likely to use somewhat more formal language when talking to superiors. While the informal “Hello” is an acceptable greeting from employee to employer, the employee is more 45________ say, “Hello,Jim?”Southerners make a point of saying “Yes, sir,” or “Yes, ma'am,” or “No, sir,” or “No, ma'am,” when talking to an older person or a person in position of authority. Although this is a good form all over the United States, “Yes, Mr. Weston” or “No, Mrs. Baker” is somewhat more common in a similar situation in the North or West.
American surface informality often 46________ the foreigner because he interprets it to mean no formality at all. He does not understand the point 47________ informality stops. A teacher, though friendly, pleasant, and informal in class,expects students to study hard, and he grades each student's work critically and carefully. He also expects to be treated with 48________ . Although students are 49________ ask question about statements made by the teacher, and may say that they disagree with what he says, they are not expected to 50________ him. Similarly, in boy-girl relationships a foreign student should not mistake the easy relationship and flattery that are part of the dating pattern in the United States, nor presume that it means more than it does. (From American Social Relations)

本句上半句讲美国人比很多其他国家的人都非正式, 由于连词 and 是表示顺承, 并下文所表达的意思可知, 因此后半句应表达相似意思, distinction 意为“区别” 最为贴切, 句意为“在一些方面, 美国人有更少的社会区分”。
由后半句 is difficult for a foreigner to understand 可以推断本句前面列举的美国人的两个人的特征应该是相对矛盾的, 即对于个人成就的自豪和对于自尊重视的缺乏对于外国人来说是难以理解的, 所以应该选择lack of(没有, 缺乏; 不足)。
本段的最后两句是对前一句的展开说明, 转折词 yet 表示本句应与 lack of importance placed on personal dignity 同义, 因此选择 make point of(重视; 强调; 特别注意......)。
句首 yet 表示转折, 由于后半句讲美国也不是完全没有社会差异的习惯, 因此前半句应该填入 in spite of(尽管; 不管, 不顾) 表示“除了所有的非正式性以外”。
本句是对上一句的说明, 上一句讲到美国人在与上级交谈时更可能(is likely to) 用正式语言, 因此此处填入的是与 is likely to 相近的词语 apt to(易于; 有......倾向)。
此处作者讲到外国人可能难以理解美国人的非正式性, 即美国人表面的正式性会让外国人感到困惑, 填confuses(使混乱; 使困惑)。
本题前后有两套完整的主谓结构, 因此填入 at which 引导从句来连接两套主谓。
上句说到美国老师虽然在课堂中很友好、 和蔼和随意, 但他们也会期望学生努力学习, 仔细、 辩证地给学生的作业打分。 also 表明本句是对上文的顺承, 因此选择 respect(尊敬, 尊重) 表示教师也希望被学生尊重。
上文提到美国教师在课堂中是友好、 和蔼和随意的, 本句是对其的顺延, 因此选择 free to(自由地) 表示学生们可以自由地问问题甚至说不同意老师的观点。
转折词 although 表明本句说明了两个相反的事实, 上半句强调的是美国学生拥有的权利, 则下句说他们不应该做的事情, 即他们不应该否定(contradict) 老师。