单选题
The United States is a confederation of states. Each state has the (26) to make laws with regard to the state. (27) , based on public opinion, states can (28) policies regarding education, and they may (29) a state income tax; they also determine the speed (30) , housing codes, and the drinking age. In most parts of the United States, you (31) be 21 years old to buy alcohol in a liquor store, bar, (32) restaurant. In some states you may buy beer in a grocery store. If a store sells alcohol to a minor, the (33) of the store is usually (34) a large sum of money. (35) , many areas have an open-container law, (36) means that people may not drink alcohol on the street or in a car. Anyone (37) with an open container of alcohol may be arrested. (38) , with all of these laws, the (39) of alcohol is a serious (40) in the United States and Canada. Drinking on college campuses, (41) there are many underage drinkers, has (42) greatly. In fact, alcohol sales have gone up (43) the legal drinking age was (44) from 18 to 21. Some people believe that if there were no legal drinking age, (45) in some other countries, North American youth would drink less.
【答案解析】考查上下文结构和表达。由上下文不难看出,空格前一句是总起句,引入短文话题——美国各州都有立法权,而空格后则是具体的立法行为,但又不是全部的立法范畴,所以应当只是举例进行说明,故应选[B]项for example(比如,例如)。其余三项中,as a result指“结果”,in other words指“换句话说,换言之”,in this case指“在这种情形下”,它们填入题中都不合上下文结构逻辑。
【答案解析】考查名词辨义和上下文理解。本题答题的关键在于后文。综合后文中a large sum of money(一大笔钱)一处、短文主旨和前文中所提到的法律规定可知,此处应指如果商店卖给未成年人酒类,该商店的店主将被重罚,因此应填owner(所有者,老板)。其余三项中,clerk指“侍者,服务员”,salesperson指“售货员”,host指“(相对于客人而言的)主人”,它们都不合逻辑。
【答案解析】考查从句关系词。本题关键在于分析清楚句子结构。察看题句可知,句子主干是Drinking has (42) greatly,而 (41) there are many underage drinkers应当是前面campuses(校园)的一个非限制性定语从句。由于campuses指的是地点,而填入的关系词在从句中又作状语,因此只能选where(它相当于in which)。
【答案解析】考查动词辨义和上下理解。由空格后的from 18 to 21可知,此处填入一个表示“提高”的动词最恰当。upgrade指“提高,把…提高到一个更高的水平或标准”,符合题目要求,故是正确答案。其余选项中易混淆的是uplift,它虽然也含有“提高”的意思,但多指“提高”社会地位、文化、道德水准或状况等抽象内容,或者用于指具体的“抬起,举起”动作,但不用于数字;shift和change都指“改变,转变”,但它们都较笼统,不体现改变的方向,没有upgrade那样准确、明了。