填空题 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or A NUMBER.

Origin: South America
Oldest archaeological evidence: chillies cultivated in (11)
Europeans introduced to chillies:
Spanish → sent shiploads of chillies to Europe
Portuguese → took chilli plants with them to (12) Indies
Southern Europe and Asia: ideal climates for growing chillies; both fresh and
powdered forms popular
Now: chillies grown all over the world, except in (13)
climates
Confusion over nomenclature: early Spanish and Portuguese used same word for
both chillies and (14)
"Cayenne" derived from Native American
"Chilli" derived from Native Mexican
Spelling: Australia & Britain: chilli or chili
US: (15)
The fruit: member of capsicum family; related to potatoes,
eggplants and (16) ; variety of sizes and colours;
skin tough and shiny; all chillies are (17) with
seeds running up centre
The burning effect: strongest in seeds; active ingredient
= CAPSAICIN; amount determines heat of chilli;
Example: bell peppers- (18) of total liquid
chilli peppers- (19) of total liquid
Evolutionary purpose: heat designed to (20) mammals