________ writers introduced a new theme into literature: the struggle of the proletariat for its rights. They portrayed the world as it was seen by the poor, the down trodden.
Chartist
宪章派文学是世界文学史上第一次出现的无产阶级性质的文学。19世纪三四十年代,英国发生宪章运动,其间产生战斗性的诗歌,作者有工人活动家,也有普通群众,其作品具有鲜明的政治倾向性,反映工人的苦难生活,表达争取自由的愿望,抨击资本家的罪恶。